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Unification

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Unification of Northern Italy under Piedmont‑Sardinia (1849–1861)

1849 - 1861

Transfer of the Italian Capital: Turin to Florence to Rome (1861–1871)

1861 - 1871

The Carbonari and Early Secret Societies in Italy (1807–1831)

1807 - 1831

Second Italian War of Independence (1859)

1858 - 1860

Roman Republic of 1849 and its Suppression (1849)

1848 - 1849

Role of the Papal States and Vatican Diplomacy during Unification (1849–1870)

1849 - 1871

Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy and Early Institutional Consolidation (1861–1865)

1861 - 1865

Plombières Agreement and the Diplomacy Leading to the Second War of Independence (1858–1859)

1856 - 1859

Plebiscites and Annexation of the Central Italian Duchies (1859–1860)

1859 - 1861

Military Reform and the Royal Army in the Risorgimento (1848–1871)

1848 - 1871

Italian Irredentism and Post‑Unification Nationalist Movements (1861–1919)

1861 - 1919

Giuseppe Mazzini and Young Italy (1831–1860)

1831 - 1860

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