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Michael CarricoMichael Carrico
Updated:Apr 23, 2026
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Plombières Agreement and the Diplomacy Leading to the Second War of Independence (1858–1859)

Plombières Agreement and the Diplomacy Leading to the Second War of Independence (1858–1859)

  1. Cavour raises the “Italian question” at Paris

    Labels: Camillo Cavour, Piedmont-Sardinia, Congress of

  2. Orsini attempts to assassinate Napoleon III

    Labels: Felice Orsini, Napoleon III, Assassination attempt

  4. Napoleon III’s New Year warning to Austria

    Labels: Napoleon III, Austrian Empire, Diplomatic warning

  5. Franco-Sardinian alliance treaty is concluded

    Labels: Franco-Sardinian alliance, France, Piedmont-Sardinia

  6. Austrian ultimatum demands Piedmont disarm

    Labels: Austrian ultimatum, Piedmont-Sardinia

  7. War begins as Austria invades Piedmont

    Labels: Austrian invasion, Second Italian

  8. Franco-Piedmontese win the Battle of Montebello

    Labels: Battle of, Franco-Piedmontese

  9. Allies defeat Austria at Magenta

    Labels: Battle of, Allied victory

  10. Franco-Sardinians win at Solferino and San Martino

    Labels: Battle of, San Martino

  11. Preliminary peace agreed at Villafranca

    Labels: Villafranca armistice, Napoleon III, Franz Joseph

  12. Treaty of Zürich formalizes Villafranca terms

    Labels: Treaty of, Austria, Piedmont-Sardinia