Early Human Migration

Yangtze and Yellow River Neolithic rice and millet dispersals (c.9,000–2,000 BCE)

2300 - 9000

Yamnaya expansions into Eastern and Central Europe (c. 3300–2500 BCE)

4300 BCE - 2000 BCE

Upper Paleolithic technocomplexes (Aurignacian, Gravettian) and Homo sapiens dispersal in Europe (c. 45–20 ka)

44000 BCE - 21000 BCE

Traditional celestial navigation and star-compass systems in central Polynesia (prehistory–20th century)

850 BCE - 2010

Timing and geography of Neanderthal introgression into modern human genomes (c. 60–40 ka)

2010 - 2024

Spread of Y‑chromosome haplogroup E and early African–Eurasian gene flow (c. 60–20 ka)

58000 BCE - 15000 BCE

Spread of Cardial/Impressed Ware Neolithic along the Mediterranean coast (c. 6,400–5,000 BCE)

6400 BCE - 5000 BCE

Southern Dispersal along the Arabian and South Asian coasts (c. 70–50 ka)

Solutrean hypothesis and associated Atlantic-route claims (proposed events c. 22,000–12,000 BP)

22000 BCE - 2016

Settlement and societal development in Samoa (c. 1200 BCE–1300 CE)

930 BCE - 1300

Sakha (Yakutia) early settlement and subsistence transitions (c.15,000–1,000 BP)

13001 BCE - 1000

Pleistocene sea-level rise and coastal inundation affecting migration pathways (c. 20,000–7,000 BP)

18999 BCE - 5049 BCE