Pleistocene sea-level rise and coastal inundation affecting migration pathways (c. 20,000–7,000 BP)

1. Beringia reaches its widest extent

   Jan 1, 18999 BCELabels: Beringia

   • NPS Beringia
   • Britannica

2. Sea level at glacial lowstand exposes Beringia

   Jan 1, 17999 BCELabels: Bering Land

   • NASA GISS
   • Britannica
   • NPS Beringia

3. Deglaciation begins and coastlines start shifting

   Jan 1, 16999 BCELabels: Deglaciation

   • PSU Earth107
   • NASA GISS

4. Early deglacial sea-level rise accelerates

   Jan 1, 16999 BCELabels: Sea-level acceleration

   • NASA GISS
   • PSU Earth107

5. Ice-free corridor opens, but not early enough

   Jan 1, 13449 BCELabels: Ice-free corridor

   • Imperial News
   • NPS Beringia

6. Meltwater Pulse 1A drives rapid shoreline loss

   Jan 1, 12649 BCELabels: Meltwater Pulse

   • NASA GISS
   • Nature Geosci
   • Nature Geosci

7. Beringian environments shift as warming continues

   Jan 1, 11999 BCELabels: Beringian environments

   • NPS Nature
   • Britannica

8. Land-bridge flooding begins to sever Beringia

   Jan 1, 11499 BCELabels: Land-bridge flooding

   • USGS 2017
   • Eos

9. Younger Dryas slows and complicates sea-level trends

   Jan 1, 10899 BCELabels: Younger Dryas

   • USGS 2017
   • NASA GISS

10. Early Holocene rise inundates remaining coastal lowlands

    Jan 1, 10049 BCELabels: Early Holocene

    • Wikipedia EHSLR
    • Science 1968

11. Bering Strait reopens; land bridge largely submerged

    Jan 1, 9049 BCELabels: Bering Strait

    • USGS 2017
    • Eos

12. Sea level nears modern levels; inundation legacy remains

    Jan 1, 5049 BCELabels: Modern sea

    • Te Ara
    • Science 1968
    • USGS Beringia