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Indian Ocean Trade

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Srivijaya control of the Strait of Malacca and regional shipping lanes (c. 7th–11th centuries CE)

671 - 1100

Sabaean and Himyarite frankincense and myrrh trade across the Arabian Sea (c. 900 BCE–600 CE)

900 BCE - 575

Roman–India maritime trade in the Early Roman Empire (c. 1st century BCE–3rd century CE)

118 BCE - 400

Red Sea–Indian Ocean exchange during the Hellenistic period (c. 330–30 BCE)

303 BCE - 45

Ports and routes in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea (1st century CE)

300 BCE - 70

Monsoon navigation and the seasonal sailing system (c. 500 BCE–500 CE)

500 BCE - 500

Malabar pepper trade and Roman demand (c. 1st century BCE–6th century CE)

118 BCE - 600

Indian Ocean ceramic and amphora exchange networks (c. 2nd–9th centuries CE)

50 - 850

Harappan (Indus Valley) maritime trade with Mesopotamia (c. 2600–1900 BCE)

2600 BCE - 1760 BCE

Funan and early Southeast Asian entrepots in Indian Ocean commerce (c. 1st–6th centuries CE)

1 - 600

Emergence of Swahili trading towns on the East African coast (c. 6th–10th centuries CE)

100 BCE - 1100

Chinese maritime contacts with the Indian Ocean (Han–Tang, c. 1st century BCE–9th century CE)

111 BCE - 907

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