Roman–India maritime trade in the Early Roman Empire (c. 1st century BCE–3rd century CE)

1. Eudoxus uses monsoon route to India

   Jan 1, 118 BCELabels: Eudoxus of, Arabian Sea, Monsoon route

   • Eudoxus
   • Strabo trade

2. Rome annexes Egypt, enabling Red Sea expansion

   Aug 1, 30 BCELabels: Roman Egypt, Octavian Augustus, Red Sea

   • Britannica Egypt
   • Berenike

3. Strabo reports large annual sailings to India

   Jan 1, 25Labels: Strabo, Myos Hormos, Augustan era

   • OpenEdition
   • Indo Roman

4. Periplus describes Roman–India sea trade system

   Jan 1, 50Labels: Periplus of, Red Sea, Indian ports

   • Periplus
   • WHE Periplus

5. Pliny describes Egypt-to-India travel and costs

   Jan 1, 77Labels: Pliny the, Alexandria, Coptos

   • Pliny text
   • CUP Pliny

6. Coptos Tariff formalizes tolls on desert route

   May 1, 90Labels: Coptos Tariff, Eastern Desert, hydreumata

   • Coptos Tariff

7. Berenike excavations show Indian goods in Egypt

   Jan 1, 100Labels: Berenike, Red Sea, archaeology

   • UCLA Berenike
   • IJNA sails

8. Kanishka-era Kushan expansion reshapes northern India trade

   Jan 1, 128Labels: Kushan Empire, Kanishka, Rabatak inscription

   • Iranica
   • Rabatak

9. Hadrian completes Via Hadriana to Berenike

   Jan 1, 137Labels: Via Hadriana, Hadrian, Berenike

   • Via Hadriana
   • Pleiades

10. Muziris Papyrus documents high-value Indo-Roman cargo finance

    Jan 1, 150Labels: Muziris Papyrus, maritime loan, Alexandria

    • OUP Muziris
    • OUP contract

11. Roman coin hoards in India show peak exchange

    Jan 1, 200Labels: Roman coins, South India, coin-hoards

    • RBI hoards
    • Springer coins

12. Third-century Roman crisis contributes to trade decline

    Jan 1, 235Labels: Crisis of, Roman Empire, monetary instability

    • Britannica crisis
    • Springer coins

13. Aksum rises as a major Red Sea trade power

    Jan 1, 250Labels: Aksum, Red Sea, northeast Africa

    • Britannica Aksum
    • Aksum trade

14. Late Antique mapping preserves memory of Muziris link

    Jan 1, 400Labels: Tabula Peutingeriana, Muziris, Late Antiquity

    • Tabula
    • Tabula site