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Modernization Reform Movements
Modernization Reform Movements
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Self‑Strengthening Movement (c. 1861–1895)
1861 - 1895
15 entries
Railway Nationalization Crisis and the 1911 Revolution (1905–1911)
1911
15 entries
New Policies (Xinzheng) Reforms (1901–1911)
1901 - 1911
16 entries
Hundred Days' Reform (1898)
1898 - 1899
13 entries