Start
End
19011903190619091911
Michael CarricoMichael Carrico
Updated:Apr 23, 2026
|Privacy Policy

New Policies (Xinzheng) Reforms (1901–1911)

New Policies (Xinzheng) Reforms (1901–1911)

  1. Zongli Yamen replaced by ministry-rank Waiwubu

    Labels: Zongli Yamen, Waiwubu

  2. Military modernization ordered after 1901 edicts

    Labels: New Army, military academies

  3. Boxer Protocol signed; reform urgency deepens

    Labels: Boxer Protocol, foreign concessions

  4. Imperial examinations abolished by throne order

    Labels: Imperial Examinations, education reform

  5. Court dispatches constitutional study missions abroad

    Labels: constitutional study, Qing court

  6. Court creates constitutionalism study office

    Labels: constitutionalism office, Qing bureaucracy

  7. Edict declares preparative constitutionalism

    Labels: Preparative Constitutionalism, imperial edict

  8. Traditional boards reorganized into modern ministries

    Labels: ministries reorganization, central government

  9. Advisory Council (Zizhengyuan) established

    Labels: Zizhengyuan, Advisory Council

  10. Outline of Imperial Constitution promulgated

    Labels: Imperial Constitution, Qinding Xianfa

  11. First provincial assembly elections held

    Labels: provincial assemblies, elections 1909

  12. Advisory Council elections held for national body

    Labels: Advisory Council, national body

  13. Advisory Council formally opens in Beijing

    Labels: Advisory Council, Beijing opening

  14. Imperial Cabinet formed, replacing Grand Council

    Labels: Imperial Cabinet, Prince Qing

  15. Railway nationalization decree sparks major backlash

    Labels: railway nationalization, Railway Protection

  16. Wuchang Uprising derails New Policies program

    Labels: Wuchang Uprising, 1911 Revolution