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Islamic Civilizations

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Abbasid Caliphate15 Fatimid Caliphate15 Umayyad Caliphate15

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Samarra Period: Capital Building and Military Politics (836–892)

836 - 892

Samanid State and Eastern Abbasid Cultural Influence (819–999)

819 - 1005

Rise of Military Slaves (Ghilman) and Army Reforms (9th–11th centuries)

833 - 8200

Religious Policies and Sectarian Conflict: Shiʿite and Kharijite Opposition (680–750)

68001 - 74706

Reign of Caliph al-Walid I: Expansion and Building Programs (705–715)

7050 - 7150

Reign of Caliph Abd al-Malik and Centralization of the State (685–705)

685 - 705

Reign of al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah and the Conquest of Egypt (953–975)

953 - 975

Reign of al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah (996–1021)

1000 - 997624

Reign of al-Aziz Billah (975–996)

975 - 996

Provincial Rule in Ifriqiya and the Maghreb under the Umayyads (680s–740s)

670 - 742

Patronage of Learning: Scholars, Libraries, and al-Azhar's Curriculum (969–1171)

969 - 1171

Mu'awiya I's Consolidation of Power and the Establishment of the Umayyad Dynasty (661–680)

639 - 680

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