Reign of Caliph Abd al-Malik and Centralization of the State (685–705)

1. Abd al-Malik succeeds Marwan I as caliph

   Apr 12, 685Labels: Abd al-Malik, Marwan I

   • Britannica
   • Wikipedia

2. Umayyads resume North African campaigns

   Jan 1, 688Labels: Ifriqiya, Umayyad Caliphate

   • Britannica

3. Dome of the Rock completed in Jerusalem

   Jan 1, 691Labels: Dome of, Jerusalem

   • Britannica
   • Britannica

4. Umayyads defeat Mus'ab ibn al-Zubayr at Maskin

   Oct 15, 691Labels: Battle of, Mus ab

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5. Byzantine raids resumed as frontier policy

   Jan 1, 692Labels: Byzantine Empire, Anatolia

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6. Siege of Mecca ends Zubayrid challenge

   Oct 4, 692Labels: Siege of, Al- ajj

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   • Wikipedia

7. Al-Hajjaj made governor of Iraq

   Jan 1, 694Labels: Al- ajj, Iraq

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8. Post-reform Islamic gold dinar issued

   Jan 1, 696Labels: Gold dinar, Monetary reform

   • British Museum
   • Britannica

9. Persian replaced by Arabic in Iraqi dīwān

   Jan 1, 697Labels: Iraqi d, Administrative Arabic

   • Umayyads Wiki

10. Carthage captured from Byzantine control

    Jan 1, 697Labels: Carthage, Byzantine Africa

    • Britannica

11. Greek replaced by Arabic in Syrian dīwān

    Jan 1, 700Labels: Syrian d, Administrative Arabic

    • Umayyads Wiki
    • Sulayman b Sa

12. Abd al-Malik dies; al-Walid I succeeds

    Oct 9, 705Labels: Abd al-Malik, Al-Wal d

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