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Classical Civilizations

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Gupta coinage: gold dinars, iconography, and circulation (c. 320–500 CE)

320 - 460

Greek Historiography in the Classical Age: Herodotus and Thucydides (c. 450–400 BCE)

450 BCE - 44 BCE

Greek Colonization of the Western Mediterranean (c. 750–550 BCE)

775 BCE - 535 BCE

Greco-Persian Wars: Marathon, Thermopylae, and Salamis (490–479 BCE)

499 BCE - 479 BCE

Greco-Persian Wars (499–449 BCE)

499 BCE - 449 BCE

Greco-Bactrian Kingdom (c. 250–125 BCE)

250 BCE - 130 BCE

Gaius Marius, Military Reforms, and the Rise of Professional Armies (107–86 BCE)

107 BCE - 86 BCE

From Caesar's Assassination to Actium: The End of the Republic (44–31 BCE)

44 BCE - 31 BCE

Formation of Spartan Institutions and the Lycurgan Tradition (c. 800–500 BCE)

800 BCE - 506 BCE

Foreign relations with Hellenistic kingdoms and the Seleucid–Mauryan treaty (c. 322–250 BCE)

256 - 322

Flavian Dynasty and Rome's Building Program (69–96 CE)

69 - 96

First Punic War and Roman Naval Emergence (264–241 BCE)

264 BCE - 241 BCE

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