Achaemenid interactions with the Indian subcontinent (c. 530–330 BCE)

1. Cyrus II expands to the Indus frontier

   Jan 1, 530 BCELabels: Cyrus II, Indus frontier

   • Britannica
   • Indus Conquest

2. Darius I’s Behistun inscription records eastern provinces

   Dec 1, 521 BCELabels: Darius I, Behistun Inscription

   • Behistun
   • LacusCurtius

3. Achaemenid conquest and organization of Indus territories

   Jan 1, 518 BCELabels: Darius I, Gandhara

   • Indus Conquest
   • Hindush

4. Scylax begins Indus-to-sea reconnaissance voyage

   Jan 1, 515 BCELabels: Scylax of, Indus voyage

   • Herodotus IV 44
   • Scylax

5. Darius I’s 20-satrapy taxation system includes “Indians”

   Jan 1, 510 BCELabels: Darius I, 20-satrapy system

   • Herodotus 3 94
   • Indus Conquest

6. Persepolis Fortification Tablets document imperial administration

   Jan 1, 509 BCELabels: Persepolis Tablets, Imperial administration

   • Iranica
   • Tablet Overview

7. Naqsh-e Rostam tomb inscription lists Gandāra and Hindūš

   Jan 1, 490 BCELabels: Naqsh-e Rostam, DNa inscription

   • DNa
   • Hindush

8. Indian contingents serve in Xerxes’ invasion army

   Jan 1, 480 BCELabels: Xerxes I, Indian contingents

   • Herodotus VII 65
   • Xerxes Army

9. Greeks defeat Persian-led forces at Plataea

   Jul 1, 479 BCELabels: Plataea, Greek coalition

   • Britannica
   • Mardonius

10. Indian and Persian cavalry noted at the Battle of Gaugamela

    Oct 1, 331 BCELabels: Gaugamela, Darius III

    • Britannica
    • Gaugamela

11. Alexander enters former Achaemenid Gandhāra satrapy

    May 1, 327 BCELabels: Alexander the, Gandhara

    • Indian Campaign
    • Indus Context

12. Achaemenid control in the Indus region ends under Macedonian conquest

    Jan 1, 326 BCELabels: Macedonian conquest, Indus region

    • Hindush
    • Cophen