Zimbabwe: ZANU-PF Rule and the Mugabe Era (1980–2017)

1. Zimbabwe gains independence; Mugabe becomes prime minister

   Apr 18, 1980Labels: Robert Mugabe, ZANU PF, Zimbabwe independence

   • Britannica
   • Britannica Mugabe

2. North Korea agrees to train Zimbabwe’s Fifth Brigade

   Oct 1, 1980Labels: North Korea, Fifth Brigade, Zimbabwe

   • Britannica Zimbabwe
   • Mugabe Bio

3. Fifth Brigade training reported completed

   Sep 1, 1982Labels: Fifth Brigade, Zimbabwe Defence

   • Britannica Zimbabwe
   • Gukurahundi

4. Gukurahundi campaign begins in Matabeleland

   Jan 3, 1983Labels: Gukurahundi, Fifth Brigade, Matabeleland

   • Britannica Gukurahundi
   • Cambridge Core

5. Unity Accord merges ZANU and ZAPU

   Dec 22, 1987Labels: Unity Accord, Robert Mugabe, Joshua Nkomo

   • Britannica Zimbabwe
   • Britannica Mugabe

6. ZANU-PF dominates first executive-presidency election

   Mar 23, 1990Labels: ZANU PF, Robert Mugabe, Executive presidency

   • Britannica Zimbabwe
   • Election Profile

7. Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) is launched

   Sep 9, 1999Labels: Movement for, MDC, Opposition

   • ZCTU
   • Britannica Zimbabwe

8. Voters reject proposed constitution in referendum

   Feb 12, 2000Labels: Constitution referendum, Zimbabwe

   • Britannica Zimbabwe
   • Referendum Profile

9. Fast-track land reform occupations accelerate

   Feb 26, 2000Labels: Land reform, Fast-track program, Zimbabwe

   • Human Rights Watch
   • Britannica Zimbabwe

10. Parliamentary election shows strong MDC challenge

    Jun 24, 2000Labels: Parliamentary election, MDC, ZANU PF

    • Britannica Zimbabwe
    • Election Profile

11. Operation Murambatsvina begins forced urban clearances

    May 1, 2005Labels: Operation Murambatsvina, Urban clearances, Zimbabwe

    • Britannica Zimbabwe
    • UN Habitat

12. First round of 2008 elections held amid crisis

    Mar 29, 2008Labels: 2008 elections, Zimbabwe, Political crisis

    • Britannica
    • Election Profile

13. Presidential runoff held after opposition withdrawal

    Jun 27, 2008Labels: Presidential runoff, Morgan Tsvangirai

    • Britannica
    • PBS NewsHour

14. Global Political Agreement signed to form unity government

    Sep 15, 2008Labels: Global Political, Power-sharing, ZANU PF

    • Britannica GPA
    • Britannica Zimbabwe

15. Tsvangirai sworn in as prime minister

    Feb 11, 2009Labels: Morgan Tsvangirai, Prime Minister, Unity government

    • Britannica Zimbabwe
    • The Guardian

16. Constitutional referendum approves new constitution

    Mar 16, 2013Labels: New constitution, Constitutional referendum, Zimbabwe

    • Britannica Zimbabwe
    • Referendum Profile

17. ZANU–PF wins 2013 election; Mugabe returns to sole rule

    Jul 31, 2013Labels: 2013 election, ZANU PF, Robert Mugabe

    • Britannica Zimbabwe
    • Election Profile

18. Military intervenes in Harare amid succession crisis

    Nov 15, 2017Labels: Military intervention, Zimbabwe Defence

    • Britannica Mugabe
    • TIME

19. Mugabe resigns after impeachment proceedings begin

    Nov 21, 2017Labels: Robert Mugabe, Resignation, Impeachment

    • Britannica Mugabe
    • Britannica Zimbabwe