Wool Production on English Manors and the International Wool Trade (12th–15th centuries)

1. Manorial wool becomes a key cash product

   Jan 1, 1100Labels: English manors, Monastic lords

   • Britannica

2. Cistercian houses expand sheep and wool output

   Jan 1, 1132Labels: Cistercian monasteries, Granges

   • DHI

3. Parliament establishes the “ancient custom” on wool

   Jan 1, 1275Labels: English Parliament, Royal customs

   • NatArchives

4. Florentine merchants document English abbey wool suppliers

   Jan 1, 1280Labels: Francesco Pegolotti, Florentine merchants

   • Dieulacres

5. Wartime finance leads to heavy new wool taxes

   Jan 1, 1294Labels: Edward I, Wartime taxation

   • Maltolt

6. Carta Mercatoria reshapes foreign merchants’ position

   Jan 1, 1303Labels: Carta Mercatoria, Foreign merchants

   • CartaMerc

7. Crown requires wool exports to pass through “the Staple”

   Jan 1, 1314Labels: The Staple, Crown regulation

   • Merchants

8. Merchants of the Staple incorporated by royal charter

   Jan 1, 1319Labels: Merchants of, Royal charter

   • Merchants

9. England captures Calais, opening a strategic trade base

   Aug 1, 1347Labels: Calais, Hundred Years'

   • Britannica

10. Black Death disrupts labor and pushes manors to change

    Jan 1, 1348Labels: Black Death, Manorial labor

    • Britannica

11. Statute of the Staple reorganizes staple towns and law

    Oct 1, 1353Labels: Statute of, Staple towns

    • Statute
    • NatArchives

12. Calais becomes the official wool “staple” port

    Jan 1, 1363Labels: Calais staple, Merchants of

    • Calais
    • Merchants

13. Statute of Labourers and later revolt reveal post-plague tensions

    Jun 1, 1381Labels: Statute of, Peasants' Revolt

    • Britannica

14. English exports shift from raw wool to finished cloth

    Jan 1, 1400Labels: Cloth industry, Domestic manufacturing

    • EconMids
    • WoolTrade

15. Raw wool exports fall sharply by the late 1400s

    Jan 1, 1476Labels: Raw wool, Trade decline

    • WoolTrade