Venetian public debt and the 'monti' systems (c. 1260–1500)

1. Forced public loans become a regular tool

   Jan 1, 1171Labels: Prestiti, Venice

   • Tontine
   • London Handbook

2. Venice creates officials to manage prestiti

   Jan 1, 1252Labels: Ufficiali agli, Camera degli

   • State Archives

3. Public debt consolidated into the Monte Vecchio

   Jan 1, 1262Labels: Monte Vecchio, Venetian Monte

   • Atlas Mag
   • Venice Economy

4. Fixed 5% interest anchors early investor confidence

   Jan 1, 1262Labels: Monte Vecchio, Interest 5

   • Tontine
   • ResearchGate

5. Secondary trading expands the “monti” system

   Jan 1, 1299Labels: Monti system, Secondary market

   • Tontine
   • Venice Economy

6. War with Genoa strains the debt system

   Jan 1, 1378Labels: Genoa, Monti system

   • War Chioggia
   • Venice Economy

7. Interest payments suspended during the War of Chioggia

   Jan 1, 1378Labels: War of, Interest suspension

   • Tontine
   • War Chioggia

8. Peace of Turin ends the crisis war

   Aug 8, 1381Labels: Peace of, War of

   • Treaty Turin

9. Debt restructuring introduces a sinking-fund approach

   Jan 1, 1389Labels: Sinking fund, Customs duties

   • Tontine

10. Fifteenth-century wars expand and destabilize monti values

    Jan 1, 1428Labels: 15th-century wars, Monti values

    • Tontine

11. New debt series Monte Nuovo launched for war finance

    Jan 1, 1482Labels: Monte Nuovo, War of

    • Tontine
    • War Ferrara

12. War of Ferrara ends; monti remain a lasting state-finance model

    Aug 7, 1484Labels: Treaty of, Monti system

    • War Ferrara
    • State Archives