Urban Drainage, Sanitation and Water Management Systems in the Mature Harappan (c. 2600–1900 BCE)

1. Mature Harappan urban phase consolidates

   Jan 1, 2600 BCELabels: Mature Harappan, Planned cities

   • Harappa Timeline
   • IVC Periodisation

2. Baked-brick drainage becomes citywide standard

   Jan 1, 2600 BCELabels: Baked-brick drains, Household sanitation

   • Wright via Wiki
   • Harappa Drainage

3. Household bathrooms engineered for controlled runoff

   Jan 1, 2500 BCELabels: Household bathrooms, Latrines

   • Harappa Bathroom

4. The Great Bath constructed at Mohenjo-daro

   Jan 1, 2500 BCELabels: Great Bath, Mohenjo-daro

   • Britannica
   • Harappa Diagram

5. Dholavira develops reservoir-based water storage

   Jan 1, 2500 BCELabels: Dholavira, Reservoirs

   • UNESCO
   • IndianScience

6. Harappa’s large brick drain system documented

   Jan 1, 2400 BCELabels: Harappa, Brick drains

   • Harappa Drainage
   • Harappa Timeline

7. Mohenjo-daro expands as a well-supplied city

   Jan 1, 2400 BCELabels: Mohenjo-daro, Well system

   • Harappa Wells
   • Mohenjo daro

8. Dholavira lays separate stormwater collection drains

   Jan 1, 2400 BCELabels: Dholavira, Stormwater drains

   • IndianScience
   • UNESCO

9. Lothal builds covered sewers and cesspits

   Jan 1, 2350 BCELabels: Lothal, Covered sewers

   • Lothal
   • IVC Sanitation

10. Mohenjo-daro’s water and sewage studied as a system

    Jan 1, 2300 BCELabels: Mohenjo-daro, Integrated system

    • Jansen PubMed
    • ICOMOS Archive

11. Urban sanitation supports dense neighborhood life

    Jan 1, 2200 BCELabels: Urban sanitation, Dense neighborhoods

    • Mohenjo daro
    • Harappa Bathroom

12. Urban systems transform in the late transition

    Jan 1, 1900 BCELabels: Late Transition, Urban contraction

    • Harappa Timeline
    • IVC Periodisation