Tula (Tollan): Political history of the Toltec capital (c. 900–1168 CE)

1. Tula Chico grows as an early nucleus

   Jan 1, 600Labels: Tula Chico, settlement

   • INAH Lugares

2. Tula Chico abandoned; Tula Grande begins

   Jan 1, 850Labels: Tula Chico, Tula Grande

   • Tula Site
   • Britannica

3. Tula becomes a major Early Postclassic center

   Jan 1, 900Labels: Tula, Tollan

   • Britannica
   • INAH Lugares

4. Peak urban expansion and political influence

   Jan 1, 950Labels: Tula, urban expansion

   • INAH Lugares

5. Priest-king tradition centered on Ce Ácatl Topiltzin

   Jan 1, 950Labels: Ce catl, Quetzalc atl

   • INAH Lugares
   • Britannica

6. Monumental ceremonial core consolidated at Tula Grande

   Jan 1, 1000Labels: Tula Grande, Atlantean columns

   • Britannica
   • INAH Lugares

7. Tula becomes a cult and pilgrimage center

   Jan 1, 1000Labels: Quetzalcoatl cult, pilgrimage

   • LACMA
   • Britannica

8. Long-distance trade strengthens Tula’s power

   Jan 1, 1050Labels: long-distance trade, merchants

   • LACMA
   • INAH Lugares

9. Toltec–Maya architectural connections debated

   Jan 1, 1050Labels: Chich n, architectural links

   • LACMA
   • Chich n Debate

10. Population and settlement strain precede contraction

    Jan 1, 1150Labels: demographic strain, settlement decline

    • INAH Lugares
    • Tula Site

11. Ceremonial center burned and political order disrupted

    Jan 1, 1168Labels: ceremonial burning, destruction

    • Tula de Allende
    • Tula Site

12. Traditional date for Tula’s fall enters narratives

    Jan 1, 1168Labels: traditional date, Tula fall

    • Tula de Allende
    • Toltec