Treaty of Kyakhta and regulated Russo‑Qing trade on the northern frontier (1727)

1. Siege of Albazin forces Amur withdrawal

   Jan 1, 1686Labels: Albazin Fort, Qing Army

   • Albazin
   • Harvard

2. Treaty of Nerchinsk sets first border

   Aug 27, 1689Labels: Treaty of, Argun River

   • Britannica
   • Nerchinsk

3. Kyakhta and Maimaicheng develop as paired trade towns

   Jan 1, 1727Labels: Kyakhta, Maimaicheng

   • KyakhtaTrade
   • RussiaBeyond

4. Kyakhta talks open to refine frontier rules

   Jun 14, 1727Labels: Kyakhta Talks, Mongolia Siberia

   • EBSCO
   • Kyakhta

5. Treaty of Kyakhta establishes regulated frontier trade

   Aug 23, 1727Labels: Treaty of, Mongolia Border

   • Kyakhta
   • Britannica

6. State caravans connect Kyakhta to Beijing

   Sep 1, 1727Labels: State Caravans, Kyakhta Beijing

   • KyakhtaTrade
   • Kyakhta

7. Treaty channels official trade through two border points

   Jan 1, 1728Labels: Kyakhta Route, Tsurukaitu

   • KyakhtaTrade
   • Tsurukaitu

8. Border barter trade grows into a tea-centered economy

   Jan 1, 1760Labels: Tea Trade, Kyakhta Market

   • RussiaBeyond
   • Kyakhta

9. Trade shifts from caravans to merchant exchange at Kyakhta

   Jan 1, 1762Labels: Merchant Trade, Kyakhta Market

   • Kyakhta
   • KyakhtaTrade

10. Treaty of Aigun breaks Nerchinsk-era Amur settlement

    May 28, 1858Labels: Treaty of, Amur Region

    • Britannica
    • Aigun

11. Convention of Peking confirms Russian gains in Outer Manchuria

    Nov 14, 1860Labels: Convention of, Ussuri Region

    • Britannica
    • PekingConv

12. Kyakhta framework ends as 19th-century border order replaces it

    Dec 31, 1860Labels: Kyakhta Framework, 19th Century

    • Kyakhta
    • Britannica