The rise of regional ports: Veracruz, Acapulco, and coastal trade networks (1521–1810)

1. Cortés founds Villa Rica de la Vera Cruz

   Apr 22, 1519Labels: Hern n, Veracruz port

   • Veracruz City
   • INAH Ul a

2. Spanish convoy system begins after 1522 capture

   Jan 1, 1522Labels: Flota de, Spanish navy

   • Flota Indias

3. Veracruz settlement shifts toward La Antigua

   Jan 1, 1525Labels: La Antigua, Veracruz region

   • Historia Veracruz

4. Acapulco develops as Pacific port hub

   Jan 1, 1533Labels: Acapulco port, Mexico City

   • Acapulco

5. San Juan de Ulúa fort begins construction

   Jan 1, 1535Labels: San Juan, Veracruz fort

   • INAH Ul a
   • San Juan Ul

6. Urdaneta opens Manila–Acapulco return route

   Jan 1, 1565Labels: Andr s, Manila galleon

   • Manila Galleon
   • Gale n Manila

7. Hawkins and Drake clash at San Juan de Ulúa

   Sep 1, 1568Labels: John Hawkins, San Juan

   • INAH Ul a
   • San Juan Ul

8. Philip II expands Caribbean defense planning

   Jan 1, 1590Labels: Philip II, Caribbean system

   • INAH Ul a

9. Fort of San Diego built to guard Acapulco

   Apr 15, 1617Labels: Fort of, Acapulco harbor

   • Fort San Diego
   • Cambridge JGH

10. Acapulco fair grows around galleon arrivals

    Jan 1, 1650Labels: Acapulco fair, Manila galleon

    • Feria Acapulco
    • Manila Galleon

11. 1776 earthquake triggers San Diego fort rebuilding

    Apr 21, 1776Labels: Fort of, 1776 earthquake

    • Fort San Diego

12. Spain issues 1778 “free trade” regulation

    Oct 12, 1778Labels: Bourbon reform, Spanish regulation

    • Reglamento 1778
    • Colmex Gazeta

13. Indies Fleet system ends amid trade reforms

    Dec 31, 1778Labels: Flota de, trade reform

    • Flota Indias

14. Mexican War of Independence begins, disrupting ports

    Sep 16, 1810Labels: Mexican Independence, Veracruz port

    • Fort San Diego
    • Acapulco