The Gutian Invasion and the Collapse of Akkadian Hegemony (c. 2193–2119 BCE)

1. Shar-kali-sharri dies; Akkad weakens

   Jan 1, 2193 BCELabels: Shar-kali-sharri, Akkad

   • Britannica
   • Akkad Empire
   • Shar kali sharri

2. Post-Akkad succession turmoil deepens fragmentation

   Jan 1, 2192 BCELabels: Akkad, Succession

   • Britannica
   • Akkad Empire

3. Gutians and Amorites exploit Akkad’s weakness

   Jan 1, 2190 BCELabels: Gutians, Amorites

   • Britannica

4. Gutian “kingship” appears in the Sumerian King List

   Jan 1, 2189 BCELabels: Sumerian King, Gutian kingship

   • Britannica
   • King List

5. Independent city-states re-emerge in southern Mesopotamia

   Jan 1, 2180 BCELabels: Uruk, Lagash

   • Ur III
   • Britannica

6. Gudea’s Lagash prospers amid Gutian-era fragmentation

   Jan 1, 2144 BCELabels: Gudea, Lagash

   • Gudea
   • Britannica

7. Gutian rule narrows in scope in later reconstructions

   Jan 1, 2135 BCELabels: Gutians, Viceroys

   • Britannica

8. Si’um attested as a late Gutian ruler

   Jan 1, 2130 BCELabels: Si um, Sumerian King

   • Si um
   • King List

9. Tirigan’s brief reign ends Gutian kingship tradition

   Jan 1, 2119 BCELabels: Tirigan, Gutian kingship

   • Tirigan
   • King List

10. Utu-hengal of Uruk defeats Tirigan and the Gutians

    Jan 1, 2119 BCELabels: Utu-hengal, Uruk

    • Britannica
    • Utu hengal

11. Utu-hengal’s short reign launches a Sumerian revival

    Jan 1, 2112 BCELabels: Utu-hengal, Sumerian revival

    • Utu hengal
    • Ur III

12. Ur-Nammu founds the Third Dynasty of Ur

    Jan 1, 2112 BCELabels: Ur-Nammu, Third Dynasty

    • Britannica
    • Ur III
    • King List