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Updated:Apr 23, 2026
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The Great Sphinx and its enclosure at Giza: construction, restorations, and interpretations (c. 2558 BCE–20th century CE)

The Great Sphinx and its enclosure at Giza: construction, restorations, and interpretations (c. 2558 BCE–20th century CE)

  1. Great Sphinx carved from Giza bedrock

    Labels: Great Sphinx, Giza Necropolis, Khafre Pyramid

  2. Sphinx cult develops as sand buries monument

    Labels: Sphinx Enclosure, Horemakhet, Desert Sands

  3. Thutmose IV clears sand and erects Dream Stele

    Labels: Thutmose IV, Dream Stele, New Kingdom

  4. Recurring reburial and periodic repairs continue

    Labels: Sphinx Enclosure, Periodic Repairs, Sand Encroachment

  5. Late Period “Inventory Stela” references Sphinx

    Labels: Inventory Stela, Temple of, Late Period

  6. Norden’s published drawing shows missing nose

    Labels: Frederik Norden, Sphinx Drawing, 18th Century

  7. French Egypt expedition documents a noseless Sphinx

    Labels: Description de, French Expedition, Sphinx Illustrations

  8. Caviglia clears sand and rediscovers Dream Stele

    Labels: Giovanni Caviglia, Dream Stele, Excavation

  9. Mariette finds Inventory Stela near Isis temple

    Labels: Auguste Mariette, Inventory Stela, Temple of

  10. Baraize clears Sphinx and excavates enclosure

    Labels: mile Baraize, Sphinx Excavation, 1925 1936

  11. Modern conservation challenges intensify with exposure

    Labels: Modern Conservation, Sphinx Exposure, Stone Decay

  12. 1980s repairs criticized for cement and stone replacement

    Labels: 1980s Restorations, Cement Repairs, Conservation Criticism

  13. Late 20th-century projects remove earlier cement repairs

    Labels: Late 20th, Repair Reversal, Conservation Projects