The Golden Horde: Formation and Rule in Rus' and Eastern Europe (1240s–1502)

1. Batu establishes Jochid rule on the Volga

   Jan 1, 1242Labels: Batu Khan, Jochid Ulus, Volga Region

   • Timeline
   • Wings

2. Sarai emerges as Horde capital center

   Jan 1, 1245Labels: Sarai, Golden Horde, Volga Delta

   • Wings
   • Timeline

3. Berke Khan converts to Islam

   Jan 1, 1252Labels: Berke Khan, Islam Conversion

   • Berke
   • OpenStax

4. Berke–Hülegü war begins in the Caucasus

   Jan 1, 1262Labels: Berke Khan, H leg, Caucasus War

   • Berke Hulegu
   • Timeline

5. Genoa receives Caffa trading privileges

   Jan 1, 1267Labels: Genoa, Caffa, Mengu-Timur

   • Timeline

6. Özbeg Khan adopts Islam as state religion

   Jan 1, 1313Labels: zbeg Khan, Islam

   • zbeg
   • OpenStax

7. Siege of Caffa links war, trade, and plague

   Jan 1, 1346Labels: Siege of, Kaffa, Golden Horde

   • Wheelis
   • DeMussis

8. Golden Horde succession crisis (“Great Troubles”) begins

   Jan 1, 1359Labels: Succession Crisis, Berdi Beg, Golden Horde

   • GreatTroubles

9. Lithuania defeats Horde at Blue Waters

   Sep 1, 1362Labels: Battle of, Grand Duchy, Golden Horde

   • BlueWaters

10. Muscovy defeats Mamai at Kulikovo

    Sep 8, 1380Labels: Battle of, Dmitry of, Mamai

    • Britannica
    • Kulikovo

11. Tokhtamysh becomes sole khan after Kalka battle

    Jan 1, 1381Labels: Tokhtamysh, Kalka River, Golden Horde

    • Kalka1381
    • Tokhtamysh

12. Tokhtamysh sacks Moscow and restores tribute demands

    Aug 26, 1382Labels: Tokhtamysh, Sack of, Moscow

    • Moscow1382
    • Tokhtamysh

13. Timur defeats Tokhtamysh at Kondurcha River

    Jun 18, 1391Labels: Timur, Tokhtamysh, Kondurcha River

    • Kondurcha
    • Tokhtamysh Timur

14. Timur defeats Tokhtamysh at the Terek River

    Apr 14, 1395Labels: Timur, Terek River, Tokhtamysh

    • Terek
    • Tokhtamysh Timur

15. Crimean Khanate emerges amid Horde fragmentation

    Jan 1, 1441Labels: Crimean Khanate, Hac I, Crimea

    • Hac Giray
    • Britannica

16. Great Stand on the Ugra ends Horde suzerainty claims

    Nov 11, 1480Labels: Great Stand, Akhmat Khan, Muscovy

    • Britannica
    • Ugra

17. Akhmat Khan is killed, weakening the Great Horde

    Jan 6, 1481Labels: Akhmat Khan, Great Horde, Death

    • AhmedKhan
    • Ugra

18. Crimea defeats the Great Horde, ending the Horde’s line

    Jan 1, 1502Labels: Me li, Crimean Khanate, Great Horde

    • Crimea
    • Britannica