The Ethical Policy and early welfare reforms in the Dutch East Indies (1901–1930)

1. Ethical Policy announced in the Dutch throne speech

   Sep 17, 1901Labels: Queen Wilhelmina, Ethical Policy

   • Dutch Ethics

2. Decentralization Law introduces local councils framework

   Jan 1, 1903Labels: Decentralisatiewet, Local councils

   • DOAJ

3. Government-sponsored transmigration schemes begin

   Jan 1, 1905Labels: Transmigration program, Java

   • Dutch Ethics

4. Department of Agriculture established under colonial government

   Jan 1, 1905Labels: Department of, Colonial government

   • Manual 1920
   • Ministry Hist

5. First Kartini School opens for indigenous girls

   Jan 1, 1907Labels: Kartini School, Batavia

   • Kartini

6. Budi Utomo founded, marking new elite associational politics

   May 20, 1908Labels: Budi Utomo, Javanese students

   • Budi Utomo

7. Sarekat Islam founded and rapidly becomes mass movement

   Jan 1, 1912Labels: Sarekat Islam, Mass movement

   • Britannica

8. Muhammadiyah founded, expanding schools and social services

   Nov 18, 1912Labels: Muhammadiyah, Yogyakarta

   • Britannica

9. Indische Partij founded, then suppressed by colonial authorities

   Dec 25, 1912Labels: Indische Partij, Douwes Dekker

   • Indische

10. Soewardi Soerjaningrat exiled after anti-colonial writings

    Jan 1, 1913Labels: Soewardi Soerjaningrat, Exile

    • Britannica

11. Law provides for creation of the Volksraad

    Dec 16, 1916Labels: Volksraad law, Dutch law

    • Volksraad

12. First Volksraad election held under restricted franchise

    Oct 16, 1917Labels: First Volksraad, Restricted franchise

    • 1917 Vote

13. Volksraad opened in Batavia with advisory powers

    May 1, 1918Labels: Volksraad opening, Batavia

    • Britannica

14. Taman Siswa founded, creating indigenous-led education network

    Jul 1, 1922Labels: Taman Siswa, Ki Hadjar

    • Britannica

15. Volksraad made semi-legislative consultative body

    Jan 1, 1925Labels: Volksraad reform, Semi-legislative body

    • Britannica

16. Nahdlatul Ulama founded, expanding community welfare institutions

    Jan 31, 1926Labels: Nahdlatul Ulama, Community welfare

    • NU

17. Indonesian membership increased in the Volksraad rebalancing

    Jan 1, 1929Labels: Increased Indonesian, Volksraad

    • Britannica