The Chicago Defender and advocacy during the Great Migration (1910-1940)

1. The Chicago Defender is founded in Chicago

   May 5, 1905Labels: Robert S, The Chicago, Chicago

   • Chicago Defender
   • Encyclopedia com
   • Zinn Project

2. Defender reaches major circulation in 1916

   Jan 1, 1916Labels: The Chicago, Circulation

   • Chicago History
   • Chicago Defender

3. Abbott’s August 1916 editorial urges migration

   Aug 5, 1916Labels: Robert S, Editorial

   • MLB com
   • Chicago Defender

4. Pullman porter network expands southern readership

   Jan 1, 1917Labels: Pullman porters, Distribution network

   • Chicago Defender
   • Chicago History

5. “Great Northern Drive” promoted for May 15

   May 15, 1917Labels: Great Northern, The Chicago

   • Negro in Chicago
   • Abbott bio

6. Defender circulation surges as migration accelerates

   Jan 1, 1919Labels: The Chicago, Circulation

   • Chicago History
   • Negro in Chicago

7. Advice journalism helps newcomers “navigate the North”

   May 17, 1919Labels: Advice journalism, The Chicago

   • TAH Docs
   • Chicago Defender

8. Defender responds to the 1919 “Red Summer” violence

   Jul 27, 1919Labels: The Chicago, Red Summer, Chicago race

   • Chicago Riot
   • Zinn Project

9. Defender moves into its long-term Indiana Avenue home

   Jan 1, 1920Labels: 3435 S, Bronzeville

   • Defender Building
   • NPS Black Metropolis

10. Bud Billiken Parade begins as youth-centered community event

    Aug 11, 1929Labels: Bud Billiken, Robert S

    • Bud Billiken
    • Chicago Defender

11. Abbott dies; Sengstacke assumes leadership transition

    Feb 29, 1940Labels: Robert S, John H

    • Abbott bio
    • Chicago Defender
    • Sengstacke bio

12. Black publishers organize NNPA during wartime shift

    Mar 2, 1940Labels: NNPA, John H

    • NNPA
    • BlackPast NNPA
    • Sengstacke bio