Tea Trade, Silver Flows, and Qing Fiscal Change (18th–19th centuries)

1. Kangxi fixes poll-tax quotas permanently

   Jan 1, 1712Labels: Kangxi Emperor, Ding tax

   • ChinaKnowledge

2. Tan-ding-ru-mu reform begins merging taxes

   Jan 1, 1716Labels: Tanding Rumu, Land tax

   • ChinaKnowledge

3. Qianlong restricts Western trade to Guangzhou

   Jan 1, 1757Labels: Qianlong Emperor, Guangzhou

   • Britannica

4. Canton System and Cohong monopoly take shape

   Jan 1, 1760Labels: Cohong, Hoppo

   • Britannica
   • ChinaKnowledge

5. Britain cuts tea duties with Commutation Act

   Aug 20, 1784Labels: Commutation Act, Britain

   • Commutation Act
   • RMG

6. Macartney Embassy seeks expanded trade access

   Sep 14, 1793Labels: Macartney Embassy, Britain

   • Macartney

7. EIC begins opium-financed silver return for tea

   Jan 1, 1800Labels: East India, Opium trade

   • Oxford History
   • RMG

8. Charter Act ends EIC monopoly (except China trade)

   Jul 21, 1813Labels: Charter Act, East India

   • Charter Act

9. British opium imports help reverse silver flows

   Jan 1, 1828Labels: Opium imports, Britain

   • Oxford History

10. Britain ends EIC China trade monopoly

    Jan 1, 1833Labels: East India, British merchants

    • EIC
    • RMG

11. Lin Zexu arrives in Canton to suppress opium

    Mar 1, 1839Labels: Lin Zexu, Daoguang Emperor

    • MIT VC

12. Treaty of Nanking ends Cohong and opens treaty ports

    Aug 29, 1842Labels: Treaty of, Cohong

    • MIT VC
    • Treaty Text

13. Treaty ports and Maritime Customs begin restructuring trade revenues

    Jan 1, 1843Labels: Maritime Customs, Treaty ports

    • MIT VC

14. Treaty of Tianjin opens more ports and legalizes opium import

    Jun 1, 1858Labels: Treaty of, Opium import

    • Treaty Tianjin