Sugar plantation economy in Pernambuco and colonial Recife (16th–17th centuries)

1. Pernambuco granted as hereditary captaincy

   Mar 10, 1534Labels: Captaincy of, Duarte Coelho

   • Fundaj
   • Brown Library
   • Britannica

2. Olinda founded as Pernambuco’s early center

   Jan 1, 1535Labels: Olinda, Pernambuco

   • UNESCO
   • Britannica

3. Duarte Coelho arrives to govern Pernambuco

   Mar 9, 1535Labels: Duarte Coelho, Madeira settlers

   • Fundaj
   • Britannica
   • Wiki Captaincy

4. Recife develops as Olinda’s port settlement

   Mar 12, 1537Labels: Recife, Olinda

   • Wiki Recife
   • UNESCO

5. Sugarcane varieties spread and intensify production

   Jan 1, 1553Labels: Sugar engenho, Pernambuco

   • Fundaj Mills
   • Britannica
   • UNESCO

6. Dutch West India Company founded to expand Atlantic power

   Jun 3, 1621Labels: Dutch West, Dutch Republic

   • Wiki WIC
   • Wiki Groot

7. Dutch seize Olinda and Recife in Pernambuco

   Mar 3, 1630Labels: Dutch occupation, Olinda

   • Siege Recife
   • Wiki WIC

8. Dutch burn Olinda and shift administration to Recife

   Nov 25, 1631Labels: Recife, Olinda

   • Watchtower
   • UNESCO

9. John Maurice of Nassau begins governing Dutch Brazil

   Jan 23, 1637Labels: John Maurice, New Holland

   • Britannica
   • Wiki Nassau

10. Portugal’s 1640 restoration shifts loyalties in Brazil

    Dec 1, 1640Labels: Portugal Restoration, Brazil

    • Britannica Nassau
    • Insurrection

11. Mauritsstad urban projects reshape colonial Recife

    Jan 1, 1641Labels: Mauritsstad, Recife

    • Britannica
    • Wiki Nassau
    • Watchtower

12. Pernambuco Insurrection begins against Dutch rule

    May 15, 1645Labels: Pernambuco Insurrection, Plantation owners

    • Insurrection
    • Battle Tabocas

13. First Battle of Guararapes weakens Dutch field forces

    Apr 19, 1648Labels: First Battle, Rebel forces

    • Guararapes I
    • Insurrection

14. Second Battle of Guararapes confirms Dutch decline

    Feb 19, 1649Labels: Second Battle, Dutch forces

    • Guararapes II
    • Insurrection

15. Portuguese forces recapture Recife, ending Dutch Brazil

    Feb 1, 1654Labels: Recapture of, Portuguese forces

    • Recapture Recife
    • Insurrection

16. Treaty of The Hague recognizes Portuguese sovereignty

    Aug 6, 1661Labels: Treaty of, Dutch Republic

    • Treaty 1661
    • Guararapes II