Sugar and slave-linked plantation complex in São Tomé and Príncipe (1506-1850)

1. Portuguese settlement begins with forced colonists

   Jul 29, 1493Labels: Portuguese Crown, Forced Colonists

   • Britannica
   • Caminha

2. Sugarcane cultivation expands as an export strategy

   Jan 1, 1506Labels: Sugarcane, Plantation System

   • Britannica
   • Caldeira excerpt

3. Enslaved Africans imported to power sugar estates

   Jan 1, 1510Labels: Enslaved Africans, Slave Trade

   • S o Tom
   • Britannica

4. São Tomé becomes a leading early sugar producer

   Jan 1, 1550Labels: S o, Sugar Production

   • Britannica
   • Guardian

5. Runaway communities and raids destabilize plantations

   Jan 1, 1580Labels: Maroon Communities, Plantations

   • Britannica
   • Britannica

6. Rei Amador leads major slave uprising

   Jul 9, 1595Labels: Rei Amador, Slave Uprising

   • Britannica
   • Rei Amador

7. Amador captured and executed after revolt

   Jan 4, 1596Labels: Rei Amador, Execution

   • Rei Amador
   • Britannica

8. Sugar declines under competition and instability

   Jan 1, 1600Labels: Sugar Decline, Competition

   • Britannica
   • Britannica

9. Dutch seize São Tomé during imperial wars

   Jan 1, 1641Labels: Dutch Occupation, Imperial Wars

   • Britannica
   • Britannica

10. Islands pivot toward slave-trade entrepôt role

    Jan 1, 1650Labels: Slave Entr, S o

    • Britannica
    • Britannica

11. Portugal’s 1836 decree targets the slave trade

    Jan 1, 1836Labels: Portugal, Abolition Decree

    • Servi ais Registers
    • S da Bandeira

12. Illegal trade suppression grows in the 1840s

    Jan 1, 1845Labels: Illegal Trade, Naval Enforcement

    • Britannica
    • Britain Brazil Treaty

13. End state by 1850: sugar complex largely displaced

    Jan 1, 1850Labels: Post-Sugar Transition, S o

    • Britannica
    • Britannica