Sufi Orders and Safavid State Alliances (15th–17th centuries)

1. Safavid Sufi order founded at Ardabil

   Jan 1, 1301Labels: Shaykh af, Ardabil, Safaviyya

   • Britannica
   • Cambridge

2. Safaviyya shifts toward Imami Shiʿism in 1400s

   Jan 1, 1450Labels: Safaviyya, Imami Shi, 15th century

   • Britannica

3. Shaykh Haydar militarizes followers and Qizilbash identity

   Jan 1, 1460Labels: Shaykh Haydar, Qizilbash, militarization

   • Qizilbash
   • Haydar

4. Shaykh Haydar killed in Caucasus campaign

   Jul 9, 1488Labels: Shaykh Haydar, Caucasus campaign, Shirvanshahs

   • Haydar

5. Ismāʿīl gathers Qizilbash support for conquest

   Jan 1, 1499Labels: Ism l, Qizilbash, Turcoman tribes

   • Qizilbash

6. Ismāʿīl takes Tabriz and proclaims Shiʿism

   Jul 1, 1501Labels: Ism l, Tabriz, Twelver Shi

   • Ism l I
   • Britannica

7. Battle of Merv restores Safavid control of Khorasan

   Dec 2, 1510Labels: Battle of, Ism l, Khorasan

   • Merv

8. Şahkulu uprising shows transborder Qizilbash-Safavid pull

   Jan 1, 1511Labels: ahkulu uprising, Qizilbash, Ottoman Anatolia

   • ahkulu
   • ahkulu

9. Battle of Chaldiran weakens Safavid charismatic authority

   Aug 23, 1514Labels: Battle of, Ottoman Empire, Safavid kingship

   • Britannica
   • Chaldiran

10. Peace of Amasya formalizes Ottoman–Safavid confessional frontier

    May 29, 1555Labels: Peace of, Ottoman Safavid, Caucasus

    • Amasya

11. Treaty of Constantinople exposes Safavid weakness and prompts reforms

    Mar 21, 1590Labels: Treaty of, Safavid Empire, Ottoman wars

    • Constantinople

12. ʿAbbās I expands ghulām system to curb Qizilbash dominance

    Jan 1, 1595Labels: Abb s, ghul m, Qizilbash

    • Safavid Iran
    • Abb s I

13. Iskandar Beg Munshi completes major court chronicle

    Jan 1, 1629Labels: Iskandar Beg, T r, court chronicle

    • TAAA
    • Munshi