Spanish Empire in the Americas (1492–1824)

1. Columbus makes first landfall for Spain

   Oct 12, 1492Labels: Christopher Columbus, San Salvador

   • Britannica
   • NatGeo

2. Papal bull Inter caetera backs Spanish claims

   May 4, 1493Labels: Pope Alexander, Inter caetera

   • Britannica
   • Inter caetera

3. Treaty of Tordesillas divides Atlantic worlds

   Jun 7, 1494Labels: Treaty of, Spain Portugal

   • Britannica
   • Tordesillas

4. Tenochtitlan falls to Spanish-led siege

   Aug 13, 1521Labels: Tenochtitlan, Hern n

   • Tenochtitlan

5. Treaty of Zaragoza extends division into Asia

   Apr 22, 1529Labels: Treaty of, Spain Portugal

   • Zaragoza

6. Pizarro captures Inca ruler Atahualpa

   Nov 16, 1532Labels: Francisco Pizarro, Atahualpa

   • Britannica
   • HISTORY

7. Viceroyalty of New Spain established

   Jan 1, 1535Labels: Viceroyalty of, Spanish Crown

   • Britannica

8. Lima founded as key Pacific imperial capital

   Jan 18, 1535Labels: Lima, Francisco Pizarro

   • Britannica
   • UNESCO

9. New Laws issued to curb Indigenous exploitation

   Nov 20, 1542Labels: New Laws, Charles V

   • New Laws
   • Peru Viceroyalty

10. Viceroyalty of Peru created for South America

    Jan 1, 1543Labels: Viceroyalty of, Lima

    • Britannica
    • Peru Viceroyalty

11. Potosí founded, launching a major silver boom

    Jan 1, 1545Labels: Potos, Cerro Rico

    • Potos
    • PMC

12. Pueblo Revolt expels Spaniards from New Mexico

    Aug 10, 1680Labels: Pueblo Revolt, Pop

    • Britannica
    • Pueblo Revolt

13. Viceroyalty of New Granada first established

    May 27, 1717Labels: Viceroyalty of

    • Britannica
    • New Granada

14. Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata established

    Jan 1, 1776Labels: Viceroyalty of, Buenos Aires

    • Britannica

15. Rebellion of Túpac Amaru II begins in Peru

    Nov 4, 1780Labels: T pac, Peru

    • T pac Amaru
    • Amaru II

16. Grito de Dolores launches Mexican independence war

    Sep 16, 1810Labels: Grito de, Miguel Hidalgo

    • Britannica
    • Grito

17. Peru declares independence in Lima

    Jul 28, 1821Labels: Peru independence, Jos de

    • Britannica

18. Treaty of Córdoba signed, recognizing Mexico’s separation

    Aug 24, 1821Labels: Treaty of, Agust n

    • Treaty
    • HISTORY

19. Battle of Ayacucho defeats last major royalist army

    Dec 9, 1824Labels: Battle of, Antonio Jos

    • Ayacucho
    • Britannica