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Updated:Apr 23, 2026
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Soviet Mars probe program: launches, failures, and flybys (1960–1974)

Soviet Mars probe program: launches, failures, and flybys (1960–1974)

  1. Marsnik 1 launch fails to reach orbit

    Labels: Marsnik 1, Soviet space

  2. Marsnik 2 repeats launch failure

    Labels: Marsnik 2, Soviet space

  3. Sputnik 22 strands a Mars probe in Earth orbit

    Labels: Sputnik 22, Earth orbit

  4. Mars 1 launches successfully toward Mars

    Labels: Mars 1, Interplanetary cruise

  6. Zond 2 launches on a Mars flyby attempt

    Labels: Zond 2, Soviet planetary

  7. Zond 2 radio failure ends Mars science return

    Labels: Zond 2, Radio failure

  8. Mars 2 begins orbiter-and-lander era with launch

    Labels: Mars 2, Orbiter-lander

  9. Mars 3 launches as twin mission to Mars 2

    Labels: Mars 3, Twin mission

  10. Mars 2 lander impacts Mars; orbiter enters orbit

    Labels: Mars 2

  11. Mars 3 makes first soft landing on Mars

    Labels: Mars 3, Soft landing

  12. Mars 4 misses orbit and becomes a close flyby

    Labels: Mars 4, Flyby

  13. Mars 5 launches as improved orbiter for 1974 arrival

    Labels: Mars 5, Orbiter

  14. Mars 6 launches with flyby module and lander

    Labels: Mars 6, Lander

  15. Mars 7 launches; lander later misses Mars

    Labels: Mars 7, Lander miss

  16. Mars 5 enters orbit and returns limited data

    Labels: Mars 5, Short mission

  17. Mars 6 descent ends with lost contact before landing

    Labels: Mars 6, Lost contact