Slave trade, bonded labor, and servitude under the VOC (17th–18th centuries)

1. VOC founded, enabling coercive colonial labor

   Mar 20, 1602Labels: Dutch East, Chartered Company

   • Britannica
   • VOC Wiki

2. VOC captures Jayakarta, creating Batavia

   May 30, 1619Labels: Jayakarta, Batavia

   • Company rule Wiki
   • Mutual Heritage

3. Batavia formally named, strengthening VOC rule

   Jan 18, 1621Labels: Batavia, VOC headquarters

   • Batavia Wiki
   • Fall of Jayakarta

4. VOC conquest of Banda drives enslavement

   Apr 1, 1621Labels: Banda Islands, Nutmeg Monopoly

   • VOC Wiki
   • Coen Wiki

5. Banda “perken” plantations staffed by enslaved workers

   Jan 1, 1622Labels: Perken plantations, European planters

   • Cambridge IRSH
   • VOC Wiki

6. Batavia’s slave-based urban economy expands

   Jan 1, 1650Labels: Batavia, Ommelanden

   • ANRI Sejarah
   • India slavery Wiki

7. Treaty of Bongaya boosts VOC control and labor flows

   Nov 18, 1667Labels: Treaty of, Makassar Gowa

   • Bongaya DE Wiki
   • VOC Wiki

8. VOC slavery and slave imports documented at scale

   Jan 1, 1689Labels: VOC records, Batavia

   • Encyclopedia com
   • ANRI Sejarah

9. Batavia massacre reveals tensions in forced-labor society

   Oct 9, 1740Labels: Batavia massacre, Chinese community

   • Batavia massacre Wiki
   • Leiden Univ

10. Late-18th-century Batavia slave imports remain high

    Jan 1, 1779Labels: Batavia, Slave imports

    • Cambridge IRSH
    • Encyclopedia com

11. VOC dissolved; Dutch state inherits its territories

    Dec 31, 1799Labels: VOC dissolution, Dutch state

    • VOC Wiki
    • Company rule Wiki

12. Legacy: Dutch East Indies slavery abolished much later

    Jan 1, 1860Labels: Dutch East, Abolition 1860

    • NL slavery Wiki
    • DutchCulture