Searches for the Northeast Passage by English and Dutch Navigators (1553–1660)

1. English merchants plan Northeast Passage venture

   Jan 1, 1552Labels: London merchants, Northeast Passage

   • Chancellor
   • Willoughby

2. Willoughby–Chancellor expedition departs London

   May 10, 1553Labels: Sir Hugh, Richard Chancellor

   • Willoughby
   • Chancellor

3. Chancellor reaches the White Sea coastline

   Aug 1, 1553Labels: Richard Chancellor, White Sea

   • Dartmouth
   • Chancellor

4. Chancellor reaches Moscow and opens relations

   Jan 1, 1554Labels: Richard Chancellor, Ivan IV

   • Dartmouth
   • Ivan IV

5. Muscovy Company receives royal charter

   Feb 6, 1555Labels: Muscovy Company, royal charter

   • Muscovy Co
   • Dartmouth

6. Borough probes toward Kara Strait

   Jan 1, 1557Labels: Stephen Borough, Kara Strait

   • Borough

7. Pet and Jackman enter the Kara Sea

   Jan 1, 1580Labels: Arthur Pet, Charles Jackman

   • Pet Jackman

8. Dutch expeditions begin systematic Northeast Passage search

   Jun 1, 1594Labels: Willem Barentsz, Cornelis Nay

   • Nay
   • Encyclopedia

9. Barentsz’s third voyage discovers Spitsbergen

   Jun 17, 1596Labels: Willem Barentsz, Spitsbergen

   • Barentsz
   • WHOI

10. Barentsz crew winters at Het Behouden Huys

    Nov 1, 1596Labels: Het Behouden, Barentsz crew

    • ARCTIC
    • WHOI

11. Barentsz dies during return in open boats

    Jun 20, 1597Labels: Willem Barentsz

    • RUG article
    • WHOI

12. De Veer’s voyage account spreads Arctic knowledge

    Jan 1, 1598Labels: Gerrit de, voyage account

    • Gutenberg
    • Christie s

13. Hudson’s Muscovy Company voyage reaches Svalbard

    Jan 1, 1607Labels: Henry Hudson, Svalbard

    • Britannica

14. Hudson’s second Northeast Passage attempt fails

    Apr 22, 1608Labels: Henry Hudson

    • Britannica

15. Treaty of Stolbovo reshapes Baltic–Russian access

    Jan 1, 1617Labels: Treaty of, Sweden Russia

    • Britannica

16. English and Dutch focus shifts to Arctic resources and mapping

    Jan 1, 1620Labels: Svalbard whaling, Arctic cartography

    • Poole
    • Edge