Richard Spruce's botanical explorations in the Amazon and Andes (1849–1864)

1. Spruce sails from England for the Amazon

   Jun 7, 1849Labels: Richard Spruce, England, Amazon expedition

   • Terrington
   • Wallace 1894

2. Fieldwork begins around Pará (Belém)

   Aug 1, 1849Labels: Par Bel, Amazon estuary

   • Wallace 1894
   • BHL Notes

3. Trombetas River expedition expands his collections

   Jul 1, 1850Labels: Trombetas River, side-river collecting

   • Wallace 1894
   • BHL Notes

4. A year based at Manaos (Barra do Rio Negro)

   Jan 1, 1851Labels: Manaos Barra, base camp

   • Wallace 1894
   • BHL Notes

5. Spruce documents Banisteriopsis caapi (ayahuasca vine)

   Jan 1, 1851Labels: Banisteriopsis caapi, ayahuasca

   • B caapi
   • BHL Notes

6. He ascends the Rio Negro to São Gabriel

   Jan 1, 1852Labels: Rio Negro, S o

   • Wallace 1894
   • BHL Notes

7. Extended collecting from the Uaupés River base

   Jul 1, 1852Labels: Uaup s, Panur San

   • Wallace 1894
   • BHL Notes

8. Casiquiare–Orinoco journey and mapping work

   Nov 27, 1853Labels: Casiquiare, Orinoco

   • Kew Letter
   • BHL Notes

9. Shift toward the Andes-side Amazon (Peru/Ecuador)

   Jan 1, 1855Labels: Andes-side Amazon, Peru Ecuador

   • BHL Notes
   • Spruce Bio

10. Cinchona mission begins under Markham’s commission

    Jan 1, 1860Labels: Cinchona succirubra, Clements R

    • Wallace 1894
    • Markham
    • Nature 1923

11. Spruce organizes cinchona collecting from Ambato, Ecuador

    Mar 12, 1860Labels: Ambato, cinchona collecting

    • Kew Letter
    • Markham

12. Cinchona bark and seed shipments routed via Guayaquil

    Nov 19, 1860Labels: Guayaquil, export route

    • Kew Letter
    • Nature 1923

13. Spruce’s cinchona report and the expedition’s end phase

    Jan 1, 1861Labels: Cinchona report, Andean forests

    • Wallace 1894
    • MBC Essay

14. Spruce leaves South America, ending 15 years of collecting

    Jan 1, 1864Labels: Return to, expedition end

    • Spruce Bio
    • Horticulture
    • BHL Notes

15. Notes of a Botanist published posthumously

    Jan 1, 1908Labels: Notes of, posthumous publication

    • BHL Notes
    • Spruce Bio