Qing inherits silver-based tax expectationsJan 1, 1700Labels: Qing state, Silver currencyCambridge JASJRYJ Silver
New World and Japanese silver continue to enter Qing marketsJan 1, 1700Labels: Global silver, Trade routesJRYJ SilverJRYJ Review
Tanding rumu spreads poll tax onto landJan 1, 1724Labels: Tanding rumu, Land taxChinaKnowledgeCambridge JAS
Yongzheng fiscal reforms legalize “meltage” surchargesJan 1, 1726Labels: Yongzheng, Meltage surchargesImperial China PDF
Canton System concentrates European maritime trade at GuangzhouJan 1, 1757Labels: Canton System, Guangzhou portBritannicaCanton System
Cohong monopoly and the Hoppo shape customs collectionJan 1, 1760Labels: Cohong, HoppoCanton SystemHoppo
British tea-demand surge reinforces silver payments to ChinaAug 20, 1784Labels: British tea, East IndiaCommutation ActOxford P P
Qing strengthens opium prohibition as smuggling expandsJan 1, 1800Labels: Opium prohibition, SmugglingOpium War FR
Silver-cycle shifts after 1800 and inflows weakenJan 1, 1800Labels: Silver cycle, Fiscal exposureJRYJ ReviewJRYJ Silver
Lin Zexu’s 1839 crackdown destroys opium at HumenJun 3, 1839Labels: Lin Zexu, Humen destructionHumen 1839Britannica
Convention of Chuenpi drafted during First Opium WarJan 20, 1841Labels: Convention of, First OpiumChuenpiBritannica
Treaty of Nanjing ends Canton System and imposes indemnityAug 29, 1842Labels: Treaty of, Hong KongBritannicaTreaty Nanjing
Treaty of the Bogue expands extraterritorial and MFN rightsOct 8, 1843Labels: Treaty of, ExtraterritorialityBritannicaBogue Treaty
U.S. Treaty of Wanghia extends treaty-port frameworkJul 3, 1844Labels: Treaty of, United StatesWanghia
By 1850, fiscal strain and monetary stress become entrenchedJan 1, 1850Labels: Fiscal strain, Monetary stressJRYJ ReviewBritannica