Pytheas of Massalia's voyage to Thule and northern Europe (c. 325 BCE)

1. Massalia expands Atlantic trading horizons

   Jan 1, 330 BCELabels: Massalia, Atlantic trade

   • Britannica

2. Pytheas undertakes northern voyage from Massalia

   Jan 1, 325 BCELabels: Pytheas, Massalia

   • Britannica
   • EBSCO

3. Stop at Gades before Atlantic navigation

   Jan 1, 325 BCELabels: Gades, Atlantic coast

   • Britannica

4. Arrival in southwest Britain near tin districts

   Jan 1, 325 BCELabels: Belerium, Cornwall

   • Britannica
   • Ictis

5. Description of Britain circulates in ancient geography

   Jan 1, 325 BCELabels: Britain, Greek geography

   • Britannica

6. Reports of northern islands and routes emerge

   Jan 1, 325 BCELabels: Orkneys, island routes

   • Pliny IV
   • Britannica

7. Pytheas records Thule six days north of Britain

   Jan 1, 325 BCELabels: Thule, Pytheas

   • Britannica
   • Pliny II

8. Observation of extreme daylight at high latitude

   Jan 1, 325 BCELabels: Polar daylight, Thule

   • Pliny II
   • Pliny IV

9. Account of “frozen sea” beyond Thule

   Jan 1, 325 BCELabels: Frozen sea, Pytheas

   • Pliny IV
   • Pytheas

10. Pytheas notes the Moon’s effect on tides

    Jan 1, 325 BCELabels: Tides, Moon

    • Britannica
    • Tides

11. Amber regions and far northern Europe enter reports

    Jan 1, 325 BCELabels: Amber regions, Baltic

    • Britannica
    • Pliny IV

12. On the Ocean written and later lost

    Jan 1, 320 BCELabels: On the, lost work

    • Britannica
    • EBSCO

13. Strabo transmits Pytheas while challenging his credibility

    Jan 1, 30Labels: Strabo, criticism

    • Thule

14. Pliny preserves key Thule details for later ages

    Jan 1, 77Labels: Pliny the, compilation

    • Pliny II
    • Pliny IV