Public mobilization, propaganda and national symbols during German unification (1848–1871)

1. Black-red-gold flag adopted by German Diet

   Mar 9, 1848Labels: German Diet, Black-Red-Gold flag

   • Deutschlandmuseum
   • Britannica

2. Pre-Parliament meets in Frankfurt’s Paulskirche

   Mar 31, 1848Labels: Vorparlament, Paulskirche

   • Frankfurt Assembly
   • Bundestag

3. Hecker uprising shows limits of revolutionary support

   Apr 13, 1848Labels: Hecker uprising, Baden

   • Bundesarchiv
   • Hecker Uprising

4. Frankfurt Parliament opens as all-German assembly

   May 18, 1848Labels: Frankfurt Parliament, Paulskirche

   • Bundestag
   • Britannica
   • Deutschlandmuseum

5. Frankfurt Constitution adopted for unified Germany

   Mar 28, 1849Labels: Frankfurt Constitution, Frankfurt Parliament

   • Britannica
   • Frankfurt Constitution

6. Prussian king refuses offered imperial crown

   Apr 3, 1849Labels: Frederick William, Frankfurt Parliament

   • Britannica
   • Frankfurt Assembly

7. Rump parliament dispersed in Stuttgart

   Jun 18, 1849Labels: Rump Parliament, W rttemberg

   • Britannica
   • Frankfurt Assembly

8. Nationalverein founded to campaign for unity

   Sep 15, 1859Labels: Nationalverein, German National

   • Britannica
   • Nationalverein

9. Bismarck becomes Prussian minister-president

   Sep 23, 1862Labels: Otto von, Prussia

   • Bismarck Cabinet
   • Britannica

10. Second Schleswig War begins, boosting nationalist sentiment

    Feb 1, 1864Labels: Second Schleswig, Prussia

    • Schleswig War
    • Treaty Vienna

11. Treaty of Vienna ends Schleswig war

    Oct 30, 1864Labels: Treaty of, Denmark

    • Treaty Vienna
    • Schleswig War

12. Gastein Convention splits administration of duchies

    Aug 14, 1865Labels: Gastein Convention, Austria-Prussia

    • Britannica
    • Gastein

13. Austro-Prussian War begins after Diet mobilization vote

    Jun 14, 1866Labels: Austro-Prussian War, German Diet

    • Britannica
    • Austro Prussian War

14. Peace of Prague ends war and abolishes Confederation

    Aug 23, 1866Labels: Peace of, Austro-Prussian War

    • Britannica
    • Peace Prague

15. North German Confederation constitution takes effect

    Jul 1, 1867Labels: North German, Reichstag

    • North German Const
    • Britannica

16. Ems Dispatch published, inflaming French-German tensions

    Jul 13, 1870Labels: Ems Dispatch, Bismarck

    • Ems Dispatch
    • Britannica

17. Franco-German War begins, bringing south German states in

    Jul 19, 1870Labels: Franco-German War, South German

    • Britannica
    • Franco Prussian War

18. Battle of Sedan defeats France and captures Napoleon III

    Sep 1, 1870Labels: Battle of, Napoleon III

    • Britannica
    • Sedan

19. German Empire proclaimed at Versailles

    Jan 18, 1871Labels: German Empire, Versailles proclamation

    • Versailles
    • Proclamation
    • Britannica