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437 BCE17578713992012
Michael CarricoMichael Carrico
Updated:Apr 23, 2026
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Propylaia, Athenian Acropolis (437–432 BCE and later phases)

Propylaia, Athenian Acropolis (437–432 BCE and later phases)

  1. Construction begins under Periklean building program

    Labels: Mnesikles, Perikles, Propylaia

  2. Construction halted with outbreak of Peloponnesian War

    Labels: Peloponnesian War, Propylaia

  3. Pinakotheke space attested in Pausanias’ account

    Labels: Pausanias, Pinakotheke

  4. Beulé Gate built into post-Herulian fortifications

    Labels: Beul Gate, Heruli

  5. Central Propylaia converted into a Christian church

    Labels: Taxiarches, Byzantine Church

  6. Propylaia adapted as ducal residence under Acciaiuoli

    Labels: Acciaiuoli, Ducal Residence

  7. Frankish Tower likely erected near Propylaia complex

    Labels: Frankish Tower, Acropolis

  8. Venetian bombardment detonates powder magazine in Propylaia

    Labels: Venetian siege, Powder magazine

  9. Turkish garrison evacuates; systematic clearance begins

    Labels: Turkish garrison, Acropolis clearance

  10. Beulé Gate excavated by Charles Ernest Beulé

    Labels: Charles Beul, Beul Gate

  11. Frankish Tower demolished during Acropolis “purification”

    Labels: Frankish Tower, Acropolis purification

  12. Balanos-era Propylaia restoration introduces iron reinforcements

    Labels: Nikolaos Balanos, Propylaia

  13. Scientific Acropolis conservation program established (ESMA)

    Labels: ESMA, Conservation Committee

  14. Major modern Propylaia restoration campaign begins

    Labels: Propylaia Restoration, Pollution Control

  15. Restoration of central building superstructure initiated

    Labels: Central Building, Superstructure

  16. Southwest wing restoration program implemented

    Labels: Southwest Wing, Restoration