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Updated:Apr 23, 2026
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Portuguese maritime empire in the Indian Ocean (1498-1650)

Portuguese maritime empire in the Indian Ocean (1498-1650)

  1. Treaty of Tordesillas divides overseas spheres

    Labels: Treaty of, Portugal, Castile

  2. Vasco da Gama reaches Calicut by sea

    Labels: Vasco da, Calicut, Cape Route

  3. Cartaz system begins to regulate shipping

    Labels: Cartaz System, Portuguese Navy

  4. Estado da Índia established under first viceroy

    Labels: Estado da, Francisco de

  5. Portuguese win the Battle of Diu

    Labels: Battle of, Portuguese Navy

  7. Portuguese capture Malacca and the strait trade

    Labels: Malacca, Afonso de

  8. Portuguese secure a long-term position at Hormuz

    Labels: Hormuz, Persian Gulf

  9. Portugal builds Diu Fortress after alliance with Gujarat

    Labels: Diu Fortress, Gujarat Sultanate

  10. Second siege of Diu fails against Portuguese defenses

    Labels: Second Siege, Ottoman Empire

  11. Iberian Union links Portugal to Spain’s wars

    Labels: Iberian Union, Spain

  12. Fort Jesus built to defend Portuguese East Africa

    Labels: Fort Jesus, Mombasa

  13. English defeat Portuguese at the Battle of Swally

    Labels: Battle of, English East

  14. Hormuz falls to a combined Persian-English attack

    Labels: Capture of, Safavid Persia

  15. Dutch-Johor siege ends Portuguese rule in Malacca

    Labels: Capture of, Dutch East

  16. Dutch victory ends Portuguese Ceylon (Sri Lanka)

    Labels: Dutch conquest, Sri Lanka