Portuguese colonial wars and migration flows to Europe and the Americas (1961–1975)

1. Angolan uprising begins Portuguese Colonial War

   Feb 4, 1961Labels: Angola, Portuguese Colonial

   • Britannica Angola
   • Colonial War

2. PAIGC launches armed struggle in Portuguese Guinea

   Jan 23, 1963Labels: PAIGC, Guinea-Bissau

   • Guinea War
   • Britannica Guinea Bissau

3. FRELIMO starts Mozambican War of Independence

   Sep 25, 1964Labels: FRELIMO, Mozambique

   • Mozambique War
   • Colonial War

4. Labor and draft pressures accelerate migration to France

   Jan 1, 1969Labels: France, Portuguese migrants

   • Immigration Museum
   • UCP Study

5. Carnation Revolution overthrows Estado Novo dictatorship

   Apr 25, 1974Labels: Carnation Revolution, Estado Novo

   • Carnation Revolution
   • Colonial War

6. Portugal signs Algiers Accord recognizing Guinea-Bissau

   Aug 26, 1974Labels: Algiers Accord, PAIGC

   • Algiers Accord
   • Britannica Guinea Bissau

7. Lusaka Accord sets Mozambique’s transition to independence

   Sep 7, 1974Labels: Lusaka Accord, FRELIMO

   • Lusaka Accord
   • Mozambique War

8. Alvor Agreement schedules Angolan independence

   Jan 15, 1975Labels: Alvor Agreement, Angola

   • US Historian
   • Alvor Agreement

9. Mozambique becomes independent; departures continue

   Jun 25, 1975Labels: Mozambique, Independence 1975

   • Mozambique War
   • Lusaka Accord

10. Cape Verde and São Tomé and Príncipe gain independence

    Jul 12, 1975Labels: Cape Verde, S o

    • Britannica Cabo Verde
    • S o Tom

11. Angolan civil conflict drives emergency airlift to Portugal

    Aug 12, 1975Labels: Airlift to, Luanda

    • Angolan War
    • Britannica Angola

12. Angola declares independence amid Portuguese withdrawal

    Nov 11, 1975Labels: Angola, Independence 1975

    • Britannica Angola
    • Alvor Agreement

13. Retornados arrive in Portugal in large numbers

    Dec 31, 1976Labels: Retornados, Portugal

    • Econ Letters
    • Colonial War