Portuguese Brazil sugar plantations and export system (1530–1808)

1. Martim Afonso de Sousa begins settlement drive

   Jan 1, 1530Labels: Martim Afonso, Portuguese Crown, coastal Brazil

   • Britannica Sousa
   • Martim Afonso

2. São Vicente sugar milling begins

   Jan 1, 1532Labels: S o, engenho, sugar milling

   • Engenho Erasmos
   • Martim Afonso

3. Hereditary captaincies expand private colonization

   Jan 1, 1534Labels: Hereditary captaincies, King Jo, donat rios

   • Captaincies
   • Captaincy system

4. Early large engenhos appear in São Vicente

   Jan 1, 1534Labels: Engenho S, Santos, sugar facility

   • Engenho Erasmos

5. General Government founded at Salvador

   Jan 1, 1549Labels: General Government, Salvador, Portuguese administration

   • Britannica Salvador
   • Britannica Sousa

6. Pernambuco emerges as a sugar center

   Jan 1, 1550Labels: Pernambuco, engenhos, sugar region

   • Pernambuco
   • Brown Library

7. Plantation labor shifts increasingly to Africans

   Jan 1, 1600Labels: Enslaved Africans, transatlantic slave, plantation labor

   • Slave trade
   • Brown Library

8. Dutch seize Salvador during Atlantic trade wars

   May 8, 1624Labels: Dutch West, Salvador, Atlantic trade

   • Capture Bahia
   • Recapture Bahia

9. Dutch conquest begins in Pernambuco’s sugar zone

   Feb 14, 1630Labels: Pernambuco, Olinda, Recife

   • Siege Recife
   • Recapture Recife

10. Pernambuco Insurrection weakens Dutch control

    Apr 19, 1648Labels: Pernambuco Insurrection, Battles of, Portuguese-Brazilian forces

    • Guararapes I
    • Guararapes II

11. Portuguese retake Recife and end Dutch Brazil

    Feb 1, 1654Labels: Recife, Portuguese forces, Dutch Brazil

    • Recapture Recife
    • Siege Recife

12. Treaty of The Hague recognizes Portuguese sovereignty

    Aug 6, 1661Labels: Treaty of, Portugal, Dutch Republic

    • Treaty 1661

13. Palmares destroyed after decades of resistance

    Jan 1, 1694Labels: Palmares, quilombo, escaped enslaved

    • Gilder Lehrman
    • NatGeo Palmares

14. Pombal creates Pernambuco–Paraíba trading company

    Aug 13, 1759Labels: Marquis of, Companhia Geral, Pernambuco Para

    • Companhia 1759

15. Company monopoly ends amid late-colonial policy shifts

    Jan 1, 1780Labels: Companhia Geral, Queen Maria, trade liberalization

    • Companhia 1759
    • Companhia PT

16. Royal Charter opens Brazilian ports to friendly nations

    Jan 28, 1808Labels: Carta R, Dom Jo, Brazilian ports

    • UNESCO Charter
    • Britainica Salvador