Amsterdam’s “Alteration” reshapes civic governanceMay 26, 1578Labels: Amsterdam city, Alteration 1578Amsterdam ArchiveBritannica
Spanish capture of Antwerp shifts trade northAug 17, 1585Labels: Antwerp, Spanish captureAmsterdam ArchiveBritannica
VOC charter creates Amsterdam-centered Asian trade systemMar 20, 1602Labels: VOC, Amsterdam chamberBritannicaWikipedia
Oost-Indisch Huis completed as VOC base in AmsterdamJan 1, 1606Labels: Oost-Indisch Huis, VOC AmsterdamAmsterdam ArchiveWikipedia
Amsterdam Wisselbank founded to stabilize paymentsJan 1, 1609Labels: Wisselbank, Amsterdam bankBritannicaAmsterdam Archive
Beurs opens as central marketplace for merchantsJan 1, 1611Labels: Beurs Amsterdam, Hendrick deAmsterdam ArchiveBeurs History
WIC charter expands Amsterdam’s Atlantic commerceJun 3, 1621Labels: WIC, Atlantic tradeBritannicaAmsterdam Archive
VOC takes Malacca, strengthening Asia–Europe routesJan 14, 1641Labels: Malacca, VOC conquestWikipediaBritannica
Peace of Münster recognizes Dutch independenceJan 30, 1648Labels: Peace of, Dutch RepublicWikipediaBritannica
First Anglo-Dutch War disrupts Dutch shippingJul 8, 1652Labels: First Anglo-Dutch, Navigation ActsBritannicaBritannica
Treaty of Breda adjusts colonial holdings and trade rulesJul 31, 1667Labels: Treaty of, Anglo-Dutch negotiationsBritannicaWikipedia
Rampjaar 1672 shocks Dutch security and commerceApr 6, 1672Labels: Rampjaar 1672, Hollandic WaterAmsterdam ArchiveBritannica