Phoenician Sea Engagements with Greek Colonists (c. 8th–5th centuries BCE)

1. Phoenician coastal networks meet early Greek seafarers

   Jan 1, 800 BCELabels: Phoenicians, Greek seafarers

   • Britannica Spain
   • Al Mina

2. Phoenicians consolidate in western Sicily as Greeks arrive

   Jan 1, 750 BCELabels: Phoenician Sicily, Motya

   • Oxford Sicily
   • Himera 480

3. Phoenician settlement grows at Motya (Mozia)

   Jan 1, 700 BCELabels: Motya, Phoenician harbor

   • EBSCO Motya
   • Oxford Sicily

4. Selinus founded, creating a tense frontier in Sicily

   Jan 1, 628 BCELabels: Selinus, Greek colonists

   • Britannica Selinus
   • Selinus WHE

5. Greek colony of Massalia expands western sea traffic

   Jan 1, 600 BCELabels: Massalia, Phocaeans

   • EBSCO Massalia
   • Alalia 1 166

6. Akragas founded, strengthening Greek power in southern Sicily

   Jan 1, 580 BCELabels: Akragas, Gela colonists

   • ScienceDirect Akragas
   • Pleiades Akragas

7. Greek outposts in northeast Iberia challenge Phoenician spheres

   Jan 1, 575 BCELabels: Emporion, Greek outposts

   • Britannica Spain
   • Empuries WHE

8. Carthage asserts leadership of western Phoenician cities

   Jan 1, 540 BCELabels: Carthage, Punic cities

   • Himera 480
   • Carthage History

9. Battle of Alalia forces a new balance at sea

   Jan 1, 535 BCELabels: Battle of, Phocaeans

   • Herodotus 1 166
   • Alalia

10. Battle of Himera checks Carthaginian influence in Sicily

    Jan 1, 480 BCELabels: Battle of, Gelon

    • Himera 480
    • Oxford Sicily

11. Naval victory at Cumae reshapes Tyrrhenian sea power

    Jan 1, 474 BCELabels: Cumae, Syracuse

    • Cumae
    • HistoryofWar

12. Carthaginian intervention destroys Selinus

    Jan 1, 409 BCELabels: Selinus, Carthage

    • Selinus 409
    • Britannica Selinus

13. Carthage sacks Akragas amid escalating Sicilian war

    Jan 1, 406 BCELabels: Akragas, Carthaginian army

    • Akragas 406
    • Oxford Sicily

14. Greek assault on Motya ends early Phoenician era there

    Jan 1, 397 BCELabels: Motya, Dionysius I

    • EBSCO Motya
    • Segesta 397