Phoenician and Carthaginian Maritime Food Networks (c. 1200–146 BCE)

1. Late Bronze Age collapse reshapes Levant trade

   Jan 1, 1200 BCELabels: Phoenician city-states, Levant

   • Britannica Phoenicia

2. Carthage founded as a major western hub

   Jan 1, 814 BCELabels: Carthage, Tyre

   • WorldHistory Carthage
   • Britannica Carthage

3. Phoenician settlement spreads to southern Iberia

   Jan 1, 800 BCELabels: Phoenician colonies, Southern Iberia

   • Britannica Spain

4. Motya grows as a Phoenician emporium in Sicily

   Jan 1, 800 BCELabels: Motya, Sicily

   • Motya MDPI
   • Motya Wikipedia

5. Lixus established to support Atlantic-facing exchange

   Jan 1, 700 BCELabels: Lixus, Morocco

   • Britannica Lixus

6. Phoenician foothold established on Ibiza (Sa Caleta)

   Jan 1, 654 BCELabels: Sa Caleta, Ibiza

   • Nature SciRep
   • Sa Caleta

7. Treaty with Rome formalizes Carthaginian trade zones

   Jan 1, 509 BCELabels: Rome, Carthage

   • Treaties overview
   • Cambridge JRS

8. Carthage’s Sicilian wars strain and organize supply

   Jan 1, 480 BCELabels: Carthaginian military, Sicily wars

   • WorldHistory Carthage
   • Himera 409

9. Siege of Motya disrupts a key Punic food node

   Jan 1, 398 BCELabels: Siege of, Syracuse

   • Siege of Motya
   • Motya MDPI

10. First Punic War begins over Sicily’s strategic routes

    Jan 1, 264 BCELabels: First Punic, Sicily

    • Britannica Punic Wars
    • First Punic War

11. Second Punic War intensifies western Mediterranean mobilization

    Jan 1, 218 BCELabels: Second Punic, Carthage

    • Britannica Punic Wars
    • Second Punic War

12. Rome destroys Carthage, ending Punic sea networks

    Jan 1, 146 BCELabels: Destruction of, Rome

    • Britannica Third War
    • Siege of Carthage

13. Mago’s agricultural knowledge preserved through translation

    Jan 1, 146 BCELabels: Mago, Agricultural treatise

    • Mago writer
    • Britannica Third War