Philippine–American War and U.S. Colonial Rule in the Philippines (1898–1946)

1. Philippine independence proclaimed amid Spanish defeat

   Jun 12, 1898Labels: Emilio Aguinaldo, Kawit Cavite

   • HISTORY
   • Declaration

2. Spain cedes the Philippines in Treaty of Paris

   Dec 10, 1898Labels: Treaty of, Spain

   • Britannica
   • Britannica

3. Schurman Commission appointed to assess U.S. policy

   Jan 20, 1899Labels: Schurman Commission, William McKinley

   • Schurman
   • Commission

4. First Philippine Republic inaugurated at Malolos

   Jan 23, 1899Labels: First Philippine, Malolos

   • PhilGov
   • Malolos

5. Fighting breaks out near Manila, war begins

   Feb 4, 1899Labels: Manila outskirts, Philippine American

   • Britannica
   • Manila 1899

6. U.S. Senate ratifies Treaty of Paris

   Feb 6, 1899Labels: U S, Treaty of

   • Britannica
   • Britannica

7. Taft Commission created to build civil administration

   Mar 16, 1900Labels: Taft Commission, William Taft

   • Taft
   • Commission

8. Aguinaldo captured, weakening organized resistance

   Mar 23, 1901Labels: Emilio Aguinaldo, Palanan Isabela

   • Timeline
   • War

9. Philippine Organic Act establishes U.S. civil government

   Jul 1, 1902Labels: Philippine Organic, U S

   • Organic Act
   • War

10. Roosevelt declares the insurrection ended

    Jul 4, 1902Labels: Theodore Roosevelt, Amnesty proclamation

    • Britannica
    • Timeline

11. First Philippine Assembly convenes after 1907 elections

    Oct 16, 1907Labels: First Philippine, Manila

    • NHCP
    • NHCP Marker

12. Jones Act promises independence and expands self-government

    Aug 29, 1916Labels: Jones Act, U S

    • Jones Act
    • Britannica

13. Tydings–McDuffie Act sets independence timetable

    Mar 24, 1934Labels: Tydings McDuffie, Commonwealth timetable

    • Britannica
    • Tydings

14. Commonwealth of the Philippines inaugurated

    Nov 15, 1935Labels: Commonwealth of, Inauguration

    • Britannica
    • Commonwealth

15. Japan invades, ending effective U.S.-Commonwealth control

    Dec 8, 1941Labels: Japanese invasion, World War

    • 1941 42
    • Britannica

16. Philippines liberated; U.S. control restored briefly

    Feb 16, 1945Labels: Liberation of, U S

    • Britannica
    • Britannica

17. United States recognizes Philippine independence

    Jul 4, 1946Labels: Proclamation 2695, Treaty of

    • NARA
    • Britannica
    • Treaty