Pax Mongolica: Steppe Trade Networks and Caravan Routes (13th–14th centuries)

1. Temüjin proclaimed Genghis Khan at kurultai

   Jan 1, 1206Labels: Genghis Khan, Kurultai

   • Britannica

2. Ögedei formalizes the Yam relay-post network

   Jan 1, 1234Labels: gedei Khan, Yam system

   • gedei
   • NatGeo

3. Mongol victory at Köse Dağ reshapes Anatolia

   Jun 26, 1243Labels: K se, Seljuks of

   • Britannica
   • K se Da

4. Hülegü founds the Ilkhanate in West Asia

   Jan 1, 1256Labels: H leg, Ilkhanate

   • Ilkhanate
   • Hulegu

5. Fall of Baghdad to Mongol forces

   Feb 1, 1258Labels: Baghdad, Abbasid Caliphate

   • Britannica
   • Hulegu

6. Mamluks halt Mongol advance at ʿAyn Jālūt

   Sep 3, 1260Labels: Ayn J, Mamluks

   • Britannica

7. Genoa receives Caffa, expanding Black Sea trade

   Jan 1, 1266Labels: Caffa, Genoese Gazaria

   • Gazaria

8. Ortogh partnerships institutionalize Mongol trade finance

   Jan 1, 1268Labels: Ortogh partnerships, Kublai Khan

   • Ortogh

9. Kublai Khan proclaims the Yuan dynasty

   Jan 1, 1271Labels: Kublai Khan, Yuan dynasty

   • Yuan
   • Kublai

10. Marco Polo’s overland journey highlights route security

    Jan 1, 1271Labels: Marco Polo, overland journey

    • WHE
    • Marco Polo

11. Rashid al-Din completes Jāmiʿ al-Tawārīkh

    Jan 1, 1307Labels: Rashid al-Din, J mi

    • Jami
    • Khamseen

12. Öz Beg Khan begins Golden Horde reign

    Jan 1, 1312Labels: z Beg, Golden Horde

    • Britannica
    • zbeg

13. Golden Horde adopts Islam as state religion

    Jan 1, 1313Labels: Golden Horde, Islam

    • Golden Horde
    • zbeg

14. Siege of Caffa amid Black Death disruptions

    Jan 1, 1346Labels: Siege of, Black Death

    • Caffa
    • UW Library

15. Hongwu enthroned, launching the Ming dynasty

    Jan 23, 1368Labels: Hongwu Emperor, Ming dynasty

    • Britannica
    • Ming Timeline