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Michael CarricoMichael Carrico
Updated:Apr 23, 2026
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Ottoman Slavery, the Devshirme, and Military Households (14th–19th centuries)

Ottoman Slavery, the Devshirme, and Military Households (14th–19th centuries)

  1. Pençik one-fifth levy under Murad I

    Labels: Pen ik, Murad I, Ottoman kul

  2. Earliest written reference to devshirme

    Labels: Devshirme, 1438 source

  3. Devshirme supports rise of slave-administrators

    Labels: Kap kulu, Grand Vizier, Devshirme

  4. Kefe (Caffa) becomes major Black Sea slave hub

    Labels: Kefe Caffa, Black Sea, Crimean trade

  5. Crimean slave-raiding intensifies in Ottoman orbit

    Labels: Crimean Tatars, Nogai, Crimean raids

  6. Devshirme-based Janissary recruitment wanes

    Labels: Janissaries, Devshirme

  7. Formal end of devshirme recruiting (Janissary levy)

    Labels: Devshirme, Janissaries

  8. Auspicious Incident ends Janissaries and kapıkulu era

    Labels: Auspicious Incident, Mahmud II, Janissaries

  9. Firman frees Christian slaves after Greek revolt

    Labels: 1830 firman, Mahmud II

  11. Firman targets slave imports via the Persian Gulf

    Labels: 1847 firman, Persian Gulf

  12. Firman bans Circassian and Georgian slave trade

    Labels: 1854 firman, Abd lmecid

  13. Firman prohibits importation of African slaves

    Labels: 1857 firman, Abd lmecid

  14. Anglo-Ottoman Convention suppresses Red Sea trade

    Labels: Anglo-Ottoman Convention, Red Sea