Notaries, commercial law and the regulation of credit in medieval Italy (c. 1100–1500)

1. Siena establishes the Biccherna finance office

   Jan 1, 1168Labels: Biccherna, Republic of

   • Biccherna
   • Treccani

2. Florence’s Arte del Cambio forms for moneychangers

   Jan 1, 1202Labels: Arte del, Florence

   • Arte Cambio
   • Britannica

3. Fourth Lateran Council meets amid growing credit use

   Nov 11, 1215Labels: Fourth Lateran, Church law

   • EWTN
   • Britannica

4. Avignon statute recognizes bills of exchange rules

   Jan 1, 1243Labels: Avignon statute, bills of

   • Avignon Exchange
   • De Roover

5. Bologna’s notaries gain political and administrative authority

   Jan 1, 1282Labels: Bologna notaries, Bologna

   • ScienceDirect
   • Elsevier DOI

6. Siena rewrites its Costituto amid administrative expansion

   Jan 1, 1310Labels: Costituto of, Siena

   • Siena law
   • Treccani

7. Council of Vienne condemns municipal approval of usury

   Jan 1, 1312Labels: Council of, Church law

   • Vienne text
   • Britannica

8. Florentine “super-companies” fail in a credit crisis

   Jan 1, 1346Labels: Peruzzi, Bardi

   • Villani
   • Cambridge

9. Medici Bank founded as Florence’s banking landscape shifts

   Jan 1, 1397Labels: Medici Bank, Giovanni di

   • Medici Bank
   • De Roover

10. Genoa charters the Bank of Saint George for public debt

    Apr 23, 1407Labels: Bank of, Genoa

    • San Giorgio
    • FRASER WP

11. Bills of exchange become central to long-distance finance

    Jan 1, 1450Labels: Bills of, notaries

    • EHS
    • Cambridge PDF

12. Perugia founds a Monte di Pietà to curb usury

    Apr 13, 1462Labels: Monte di, Perugia

    • Monte Piet
    • Monteripido

13. Medici Bank declines and is liquidated after 1494

    Jan 1, 1494Labels: Medici Bank, Florence

    • Medici Bank
    • Britannica