Nordic welfare states (Sweden, Norway, Denmark) (1945–2005)

1. Postwar social-democratic welfare expansion begins

   Jan 1, 1945Labels: Social democracy, Sweden, Norway

   • Britannica Norway
   • Nordic model

2. Sweden adopts universal child allowance (barnbidrag)

   Jan 1, 1947Labels: Sweden, Child allowance

   • Erlander cabinet

3. Sweden expands compulsory national health insurance

   Jan 1, 1955Labels: Sweden, National health

   • Historisk Tidskrift
   • PMC Sweden UHC

4. Denmark passes Folkepension law (universal pension)

   Oct 1, 1956Labels: Denmark, Folkepension

   • Danmarkshistorien Lex
   • SDU reforms

5. Denmark implements Folkepension (effective date)

   Apr 1, 1957Labels: Denmark, Folkepension

   • Danmarkshistorien Lex

6. Sweden launches ATP supplementary pension system

   Jan 1, 1960Labels: Sweden, ATP pension

   • Pensionsmyndigheten
   • Till ggspension

7. Denmark establishes Economic Council to monitor growth

   Jan 1, 1962Labels: Denmark, Economic Council

   • Aarhus Danish history

8. Norway introduces National Insurance Act (Folketrygden)

   Jan 1, 1967Labels: Norway, Folketrygden

   • 1967 Norway
   • Britannica Norway

9. Sweden adopts individual income taxation

   Jan 1, 1971Labels: Sweden, Taxation reform

   • Government se

10. Denmark abolishes health insurance schemes; tax-financed care expands

    Jan 1, 1973Labels: Denmark, Health care

    • WHO Denmark

11. Economic shocks pressure Nordic welfare financing

    Oct 1, 1973Labels: Nordic crisis, Oil shock

    • Aarhus Danish history

12. Sweden expands childcare and introduces broader parental benefits

    Jan 1, 1974Labels: Sweden, Childcare expansion

    • Government se

13. Sweden begins major pension redesign toward NDC model

    Jan 1, 1998Labels: Sweden, Pension NDC

    • IMF F D
    • Pensionsmyndigheten

14. Denmark adopts major structural reform of welfare governance

    Jun 16, 2005Labels: Denmark, Administrative reform

    • WHO reforms
    • Strukturreformen

15. Norway launches NAV reform by merging welfare services

    Jul 1, 2006Labels: Norway, NAV reform

    • Eurofound NAV
    • NAV history