Neanderthal–modern human overlap and population interactions in Europe (c. 50,000–28,000 BP)

1. Possible early sapiens pulse at Grotte Mandrin

   Jan 1, 53848 BCELabels: Grotte Mandrin, Homo sapiens

   • NHM Mandrin
   • Nature 2024 Ranis

2. Neanderthals dominate Europe before sapiens arrival

   Jan 1, 48048 BCELabels: Neanderthals, Mousterian

   • Higham 2014
   • Higham 2014 SciAm

3. Initial Upper Paleolithic appears in Europe

   Jan 1, 46048 BCELabels: Initial Upper, IUP

   • Bacho Kiro 2021
   • Ranis 2024

4. Bacho Kiro genomes show close Neanderthal mixing

   Jan 1, 44929 BCELabels: Bacho Kiro, Neanderthal admixture

   • Bacho Kiro 2021
   • Univ Bologna

5. Uluzzian “transitional” cultures spread in southern Europe

   Jan 1, 44048 BCELabels: Uluzzian, Southern Italy

   • Uluzzian
   • J Hum Evol

6. Ranis links LRJ tools to Homo sapiens

   Jan 1, 43048 BCELabels: Ranis, LRJ

   • Ranis 2024
   • Ranis ecology 2023

7. Early European sapiens populations are genetically diverse

   Jan 1, 43001 BCELabels: Zlat k, Early Europeans

   • Nature 2024 admixture
   • Zlat k

8. Châtelperronian debate highlights possible cultural exchange

   Jan 1, 42048 BCELabels: Ch telperronian, Grotte du

   • PNAS Grotte du

9. Neanderthal populations decline and fragment across Europe

   Jan 1, 40048 BCELabels: Neanderthal decline, Population fragmentation

   • Higham 2014
   • Higham 2014 SciAm

10. Campanian Ignimbrite eruption adds stress during transition

    Jan 1, 39220 BCELabels: Campanian Ignimbrite, Volcanic eruption

    • CI eruption

11. Oase 1 shows a very recent Neanderthal ancestor

    Jan 1, 39048 BCELabels: Oase 1, Recent admixture

    • Oase Nature 2015
    • Oase site

12. Upper Paleolithic sapiens become widespread after Neanderthals

    Jan 1, 38048 BCELabels: Upper Paleolithic, Aurignacian

    • Ranis 2024
    • Aurignacian

13. Legacy: Neanderthal ancestry persists in later Europeans

    Jan 1, 28048 BCELabels: Neanderthal ancestry, Later Europeans

    • Nature 2024 admixture
    • Bacho Kiro 2021