Modern human expansion into Europe (Upper Paleolithic dispersals) (c. 45–30 ka)

1. Modern humans appear in Europe’s southeast

   Jan 1, 44000 BCELabels: Bacho Kiro, Homo sapiens, Bulgaria

   • Univ Bologna
   • MPI EVA

2. Initial Upper Paleolithic takes hold at Bacho Kiro

   Jan 1, 43500 BCELabels: Bacho Kiro, Initial Upper, personal ornaments

   • Nature
   • MPI EVA

3. Pioneer groups reach central Europe’s cold steppe

   Jan 1, 43000 BCELabels: Ilsenh hle, LRJ tradition, Germany

   • Nature
   • Nat Ecol Evol

4. Uluzzian-to-Protoaurignacian shift in Italy

   Jan 1, 41000 BCELabels: Uluzzian, Protoaurignacian, Fumane Cave

   • Sci Reports

5. Neanderthal populations fade from the record

   Jan 1, 40000 BCELabels: Neanderthals, Europe, Late Pleistocene

   • NHM London
   • SciAm

6. Early figurative art appears in Central Europe

   Jan 1, 40000 BCELabels: Venus of, figurative art, Hohle Fels

   • Hohle Fels

7. Campanian Ignimbrite eruption disrupts parts of Europe

   Jan 1, 39500 BCELabels: Campanian Ignimbrite, volcanic eruption, southern Italy

   • CI eruption

8. Oase 1 shows early modern humans in Romania

   Jan 1, 38000 BCELabels: Oase 1, Pe tera, Romania

   • PNAS PMC
   • Oase site

9. Aurignacian spreads as a major Upper Paleolithic tradition

   Jan 1, 37000 BCELabels: Aurignacian, Upper Paleolithic, Europe

   • Aurignacian

10. Chauvet Cave records early phases of parietal art

    Jan 1, 33500 BCELabels: Chauvet Cave, parietal art, France

    • Chauvet

11. Gravettian emerges as a new Europe-wide tradition

    Jan 1, 33000 BCELabels: Gravettian, Upper Paleolithic, Europe

    • Gravettian

12. Upper Paleolithic dispersals reshape Europe by 30,000 BP

    Jan 1, 30000 BCELabels: Upper Paleolithic, modern humans, Europe

    • Nature Ranis
    • Aurignacian